目的论视域下的康德宗教哲学——从自然神学到道德宗教

Kant’s religious philosophy from the perspective of teleology——From natural theology to moral religion

康德的目的论思想具有三种形式,分别为自然目的论、道德目的论和历史目的论。当用目的论思想指导宗教哲学研究时,目的论思想便转化为一种方法论。康德宗教哲学的发展有其自身的理论进路:在前批判时期,康德借助自然目的论的方法论提出自然神学;在批判哲学时期,康德对自然目的论、自然神学进行改造,分别把其作为道德目的论、道德神学的预科,借助道德目的论构建起道德神学;在康德的晚年,他借助历史目的论的方法论提出道德宗教思想,从而建立起一种完备的、具有实践性的宗教哲学体系。

Kant’s teleology has three forms:natural teleology,moral teleology and historical teleology.When teleology is used to guide the study of religious philosophy,teleology is transformed into a methodology.The development of Kant’s religious philosophy has its own theoretical approach:in the pre-critical period,Kant proposed natural theology with the help of the methodology of natural teleology.In the period of critical philosophy,Kant reformed natural teleology and natural theology,took them as the preparatory courses of moral teleology and moral theology,and constructed moral theology with the help of moral teleology.In Kant’s later years,he put forward the thought of moral religion with the help of the methodology of historical teleology,so as to establish a complete and practical religious philosophy system.