用于木质素转化制备生物质燃料多功能催化剂的研究进展

Research advances in multifunctional catalysts for the conversion of lignin to biomass fuels

综述了木质素加氢解聚、解聚单体加氢脱氧和单体升级为多环高价值产品等过程中所使用的多功能催化剂的研究进展,包括硫化物催化剂、贵金属单质催化剂、非贵金属单质和合金催化剂、磷化物催化剂等.强调了加氢催化剂(Ru、Pt、Pd、Co、Mo和Ni等)和酸催化剂(Al_(2)O_(3)、ZrO_(2)、NbOPO_(4)、沸石和介孔硅酸盐等)在加氢裂解、加氢脱氧和(加氢)烷基化反应中的协同作用.在此基础上总结了当前反应过程的一些难点,并对下一步的技术发展方向进行了展望.未来需要开发水热稳定性更好、价格更加低廉的高活性催化剂,降低氢气用量,同时考虑天然木质素的一锅法转化,为工业化制备生物质燃料奠定基础.

The development of biomass fuels is of great significance for reducing excessive dependence on fossil resources and global warming.Lignin is a complex aromatic biopolymer that is abundant in nature and can be used to produce high-value biomass fuels.However,due to its complex structure,the use of lignin to produce biomass fuels needs a variety of chemical reactions and catalysts,and the intermediates and products need to be separated many times,resulting in a low yield of products.Multifunctional catalysts can catalyze two or more chemical reactions at the same time;therefore,using them can simplify the preparation process and increase the yield of products.This paper reviewed the research progress of multifunctional catalysts used in the process of lignin hydrocracking,monomer hydrodeoxygenation,and monomer upgrading to polycyclic high-value products,including sulfide catalysts,noble metal elemental catalysts,non-noble metal elemental and alloy catalysts,and phosphide catalysts.Additionally,this work emphasized the interaction between hydrogenation centers(Ru,Pt,Pd,Co,Mo,and Ni)and acid centers(Al_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2),NbOPO_(4),zeolite,and mesoporous silicate)in hydrocracking and hydrodeoxygenation.Based on these,the difficulties of the current reactions were then summarized,and the next technical developing directions were anticipated,including those of the development of biomass fuel synthesis methods with more mild reaction conditions and preparation of catalysts with higher activity,higher hydrothermal stability,and lower price.This paper hopes that new methods can reduce the amount of hydrogen,decrease the reaction temperature,and converse lignin to high-value fuels in a one-pot method.Moreover,most research on biomass fuels is still in the laboratory research stage.To realize the large-scale industrial production of biomass fuels and replace petroleum fuels,more in-depth research,perfect supporting facilities,and relevant policies and measures are needed.