定位理论及其应用研究

Positioning Theory and Its Applications

传统的言语行为理论强调听者对说者以言行事行为的解读,而定位理论则认为听者和说者均试图将会话双方置于一定的社会规约中,语言的社会意义取决于对话中参与者的定位。定位一旦发生,随之而来的权利/义务、身份、话语的社会效力以及故事情节便得以浮现。本文进一步探讨定位理论产生的背景、理论框架的演化及其运作,并考察该理论在国际关系话语、课堂教学话语及其他新兴议题中的应用。

Speech act theory mainly concerns listeners’inference of speakers’illocutionary acts.Positioning theory puts both speakers and listeners under social conventions,arguing that social meaning of language is subject to the positioning of speakers and listeners.Positioning brings rights/obligations,identities,social forces of utterances and storylines to interlocutors in talk.The article further discusses the background of positioning theory,its evolution and operation,and further explores its application in discourse of international relations,classroom discourse and other emerging topics.