黄河三角洲湿地土壤中功能微生物群落的结构特征和影响因素研究进展

Advance in Structural Characteristics and Influence Factors of Functional Microbial Communities in the Soils of the Wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲湿地拥有丰富的微生物资源,明确该湿地的功能微生物群落结构特征及其驱动因素,对黄河三角洲湿地环境保护与土壤微生物资源的合理开发与利用具有重要意义。概述了参与黄河三角洲湿地土壤地球化学循环的功能微生物群落的组成,总结了土壤含盐量、土壤深度、植物类型、水淹状况和湿地类型等因素对微生物群落结构的影响。综述结果表明,黄河三角洲湿地土壤中亚硝基菌属(Nitrososphaeria)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)微生物介导的氮循环、真菌、固碳细菌、甲烷氧化细菌和产甲烷菌介导的碳循环、解磷菌和丛枝菌根真菌介导的磷循环、delta-变形菌纲下的硫酸盐还原菌介导的硫循环,在区域地球化学循环和污染物降解中起到重要作用;子囊菌门、变形杆菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门微生物是功能微生物群落的优势耐盐微生物;通过分析黄河三角洲湿地土壤中与污染物降解相关的功能微生物,对利用土著植物和耐盐微生物构建被污染土壤的原位生物修复系统进行了展望,以期从微生物角度为黄河三角洲湿地的保护和生态修复提供参考依据。

The Yellow River Delta has rich microbial resources.It is important to clarify the composition and influence factors of functional microbial communities in the soils of the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta for environment protection and rational exploitation and utilization of microbial resources.This paper summarized the characteristics of microbial communities in the soils of the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta participating in the elemental geochemical circulations of nitrogen,carbon,phosphorus,and sulfur respectively.Besides,the influence factors of microbial community structure,such as salt content of the soil,soil depth,vegetation type,soil flooding state,wetland type etc.,was analyzed.From the literature review,it is found that nitrogen cycling was participated in by Nitrososphaeria and Rhizobium in the soils in the wetlands of the the Yellow River Delta;the carbon cycle was involved in by fungi,carbon sequestration bacteria,methanooxidizing bacteria and methanogens in the soils;the phosphorus cycling was related to by phosphorus solubating bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils;the sulfur cycle was connected with by sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to delta-proteobacteria.These bacteria involved in different global element cycles play an important role in regional geochemical cycles and pollutant degradation.In addition,the microorganisms belonging to Ascomycota,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominant salt-tolerant microorganisms which related to the element migration and transformation pathways in this area.Moreover,based on the analysis of microorganisms related to pollutant degradation in the Yellow River Delta,the prospect of using indigenous plants and salt-tolerant microorganisms to construct in situ bioremediation system was proposed.The discussion of the microorganisms related to pollutant degradation in the Yellow River Delta are critical to the environment protection and rational exploitation of microorganisms in this area.