2019-2020年北京市顺义区呼吸道感染住院儿童病原体检测分析

Detection of common respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Shunyi district of Beijing from 2019 to 2020

目的了解2019—2020年北京市顺义区呼吸道感染住院儿童中常见呼吸道病原体的变化特点,为儿童呼吸道疾病防治提供依据。方法收集2019—2020年北京市顺义区医院儿科呼吸道感染住院患儿病例信息。采用Excel 2007汇总患儿年龄、性别、呼吸道病原体(立克次体、肺炎支原体、呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎衣原体、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒、嗜肺军团菌、腺病毒)IgM抗体检测结果。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析,不同年份、不同季节、不同年龄组的呼吸道病原体构成比的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2019—2020年顺义区医院呼吸道感染住院患儿1791例,其中,2019年1061例、2020年730例;单种病原体IgM抗体检测阳性937例(52.76%,937/1791),以肺炎支原体(22.97%,414/1791)、乙型流感病毒(12.44%,224/1791)和副流感病毒(11.77%,223/1791)为主,立克次体未检出。与2019年相比,2020年呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒检出率上升,6种病原体检出率下降。不同年龄组中,<1岁、1~岁、3~岁、≥7岁组患儿病原体检出率依次升高(12.50%、42.63%、59.90%、65.06%)。不同病原体随季节变化的检出特点不同。结论≥3岁儿童、肺炎支原体和病毒感染是儿童呼吸道感染防治的重点,不同季节均应注意儿童呼吸道感染防治工作。

Objective To understand the change characteristics of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Shunyi district of Beijing from 2019 to 2020,and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract diseases in children.Methods The case information of hospitalized children with respiratory infection in Shunyi district hospital from 2019 to 2020 was collected.The age,gender and IgM antibody test results of respiratory pathogens(rickettsia,mycoplasma pneumoniae,respiratory syncytial virus,chlamydia pneumoniae,influenza A virus,influenza B virus,parainfluenza virus,legionella pneumophila and adenovirus)were entered by Excel 2007.SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.Chi square test was used to compare the detection rate of respiratory pathogens in different years,seasons and age groups.Results There were 1791 hospitalized children with respiratory infection in Shunyi district hospital from 2019 to 2020,including 1061 cases in 2019 and 730 cases in 2020.The IgM antibody of single pathogen was positive in 937 cases(52.76%,937/1791),mainly mycoplasma pneumoniae(22.97%,414/1791),influenza B virus(12.44%,224/1791)and parainfluenza virus(11.77%,223/1791),rickettsia was not detected.Compared with 2019,the detection rates of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus increased in 2020,while the detection rates of the other six pathogens decreased.The detection characteristics of different pathogens varied with seasons.In different age groups,the detection rate of pathogens in<1 year(12.50%),1–year(42.63%),3–year(59.90%)and≥7 year(65.06%)groups increased in turn.Conclusion The≥3 year children,mycoplasma pneumoniae and virus infection are the focus of children's respiratory infection prevention and control;the children's respiratory infection prevention and control should be paid attention in different seasons.