2011-2020年山西省太原市人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学分析

Epidemiology of human brucellosis in Taiyuan,Shanxi,2011–2020

目的分析山西省太原市2011—2020年人间布鲁氏菌病(布病)流行规律,为布病的有效预防和控制提供依据。方法对2011—2020年“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中现住址为太原市的布病病例进行描述性统计分析。结果2011—2020年太原市布病平均年发病率为2.60/10万(1.24/10万~4.51/10万),2014年发病率最高(4.51/10万);每年3—7月为发病高峰;各县(市、区)均有发病,郊区县发病率(8.80/10万)高于城区(1.21/10万)(χ^(2)=1432.21,P<0.001),但城区病例构成比呈现增高趋势,2016—2020年构成比(41.44%)比2011—2015年(35.56%)显著增加,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.899,P=0.048);患者男女性别比为4.1∶1;各年龄组均有发病,20~60岁组占比达69.22%,60岁以上的患者构成比2016—2020年(28.70%)较2011—2015年(22.35%)增加,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.745,P=0.017);职业以农民为主(69.13%),但其占比出现下降趋势,2016—2020年构成比61.11%较2011—2015年(74.17%)下降,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.205,P<0.001)。结论太原市2011—2020年布病疫情呈波浪式变化,发病地区以农业县为主,但发病地区、患者职业都有城区占比增加的趋势,且60岁以上人群占比也出现升高现象,提示应对城区人群、老年人群积极采取健康教育、行为干预等防控措施。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of human brucellosis in Taiyuan,Shanxi province,from 2011 to 2020,and provide evidence for the effective prevention and control of human brucellosis.Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for the local brucellosis cases in Taiyuan from 2011 to 2020 by using the data from“China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”.Results The average annual incidence of brucellosis in Taiyuan from 2011 to 2020 was 2.60/100000(1.24/100000–4.51/100000),with the highest incidence in 2014(4.51/100000);the annual peak of the incidence was during March-July;all the counties(cities,districts)reported cases,but the incidence rate in suburban counties(8.80/100000)was higher than that in urban area(1.21/100000)(χ^(2)=1432.21,P<0.001),but the proportion of the cases in urban areas was in increase,which was significantly higher during 2016–2020(41.44%)than that during 2011–2015(35.56%).The difference was significant(χ^(2)=3.899,P=0.048).The male-to-female ratio of cases was 4.1∶1.The cases occurred in all the age groups(0–85 years),but the cases aged 20–60 years accounted for 69.22%,and the proportion of the cases aged≥60 years increased during 2016–2020(28.70%)compared with that during 2011–2015(22.35%),the difference was significant(χ^(2)=5.745,P=0.017).Most cases were farmers(69.13%),but the proportion showed a downward trend from 74.17%during 2011–2015 to 61.11%during 2016–2020,the difference was significant(χ^(2)=21.205,P<0.001).Conclusion The incidence of human brucellosis in Taiyuan from 2011 to 2020 showed a fluctuation trend,and the cases mainly occurred in rural area,but the cases in urban area increased,and the proportion of the cases aged≥60 years also increased,suggesting that it is necessary to conduct health education and take behavior intervention in urban population and in elder population.