2017-2020年新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

Avian influenza virus in external environment in Akesu,Xinjiang,2017–2020

目的通过对2017—2020年新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)阿克苏地区外环境禽流感病毒监测数据分析,掌握外环境禽流感病毒分布特征,为阿克苏地区禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测阿克苏地区禽流感外环境标本,检出流感病毒A型阳性标本后进一步对H5、H7、H9亚型分析。应用Excel和SPSS 25.0软件分析不同年度、季节、标本类型、监测场所禽流感病毒特征分布和差异性。结果2017—2020年共采集标本580份,流感病毒A型型阳性率为34.14%(198/580),阳性标本中H9亚型占比94.95%、H5亚型占比1.51%、H5+H9混合亚型占比3.54%,期间均未检出H7亚型。外环境禽流感病毒阳性率在10月达到峰值(62.50%)。6种类型标本中禽类饮水阳性率最高(48.28%),清洗禽类的污水阳性率最低(22.08%)。活禽类市场外环境存在H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒的污染。结论阿克苏地区外环境禽流感病毒阳性率偏高,主要以H9亚型病毒为主,存在少量H5亚型病毒。加强外环境禽流感监测力度及时掌握病毒分布,发现新亚型病毒,对本地区禽流感病毒预警与防控具有重要意义。

Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza virus in external environment in Akesu of Xinjiang and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian Influenza virus in Akesu.Methods Real time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR was used to test the external environment samples in Akesu for the detection of avian influenza,and influenza A virus positive samples were further detected for H5,H7 and H9 subtypes.Software Excel and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the differences in distribution of avian influenza virus in different years,seasons,samples and surveillance sites.Results A total of 580 samples were collected in Akesu from 2017 to 2020,and the positive rate of influenza A virus was 34.14%,the positive rate of H9 subtype was 94.95%,H5 subtype was 1.51%,and H5+H9 mixed subtype was 3.54%,but H7 subtype was not detected.The annual positive rate of avian influenza virus in the external environment reached peak in October(62.50%).Among the six types of samples,the positive rate of poultry drinking water was highest(48.28%),and the positive rate of sewage in poultry markets was lowest(22.08%).The environment of the live poultry markets was contaminated by H9 and H5 subtypes of avian influenza virus.Conclusion The surveillance results showed that the positive rate of avian influenza virus in the external environment of Akesu was high,mainly H9 subtype virus,and less H5 subtype virus.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for avian influenza virus in the external environment to understand the distribution of the virus in time and discover new subtypes of viruses for the early warning,prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus in Akesu.