论陶行知的艺友制

Discussion on the Art Friend System of Tao Xingzhi

艺友制创立于20世纪20年代,是陶行知基于近代中国尤其是农村极度落后的实际而创造的一条行之有效的乡村教育师资培养之路。艺友制缘于传统学徒制的教学关系,又对其进行了批判性改革。其以"艺"为载体,以"做"为中心,以"友"为宗旨,主张"以朋友之道教人学艺",建立了一种新型的师生共教共学共做、亦师亦友的教学共同体关系。其倡导的以艺为友、互教互学、生利利群、教学相长及其层次递进、各美其美的育人思想,不仅在近代发挥了较大作用,在大力发展现代职业教育的今天,也依然能够提供诸多的理论启示和方法借鉴,并在实践中得到创造性转化和创新性发展。

Founded in 1920 s,the art friendship system is an effective way of education exploration created by Tao Xingzhi in order to train rural teachers as soon as possible,which was based on the fact that the Chinese society,especially the rural areas,was extremely backward in the early 20 th century.Art friendship system is a critical reform of the traditional apprenticeship system.It takes“art”as the carrier,“doing”as the center,“friends”as the purpose,and advocates“being a friend as well as an instructor for others”.It also establishes a new type of learning community of teaching,learning and doing together between teachers and students.The art friendship system is an educational thought that initiates treating art as friends,mutual beneficial of learning and education,production and mass benefit,level progressiveness and appreciating the beauty of one and other.This theory not only contributes significantly during the modern times,but also provides inspiration and reference for recent vocational education in China,which can be creatively transformed and developed within experimental trials.