秧歌革命化与创造民族新文艺——中国共产党百年文艺史视野下的考察

The Revolutionisation of Yangge and the Creation of New National Literature and Art: A Study on the Centennial Literature and Art History of the Communist Party of China

秧歌是革命文艺的重要符号。一般认为,延安文艺座谈会是秧歌纳入革命文艺话语的转折点。新秧歌运动的兴起,也被视为政治意识形态形塑革命文艺的经典案例。回到历史的现场,从中国共产党百年文艺史的长时段来考察,新秧歌运动也是延安戏剧运动乃至中国现代戏剧运动的逻辑产物。除了政治与文艺构成的张力之外,秧歌固有之歌舞性与新秧歌运动中引入的戏剧性之间的张力,是推动革命化秧歌从"新秧歌"到"秧歌剧"再到"新歌剧"流变的又一力量。而在这条向着"新歌剧"目标前行的艺术道路上,又渗透着五四以来进步文化人为民族创造新文艺的一贯努力。秧歌与革命的故事提示人们:党的百年文艺史固然是政治意识形态对文艺的塑造史,但文艺也不是全然被动、被改造的对象,而是通过与政治的积极互动,在民族转型和复兴的过程中变革自己的面貌,开辟前行的道路。

Yangge is an important symbol of revolutionary literature and art. It is generally accepted that the Yan’an Literary and Art Symposium is a turning point for Yangge to be incorporated into the discourse of revolutionary literature and art. The rise of the New Yangge Movement is also regarded as a classic case of political ideology shaping revolutionary literature and art. Returning to the historical scene and judging from the centennial literature and art history of the Communist Party of China, the New Yangge Movement is also a logical product of the Yan’an Opera Movement and even the modern Chinese opera movement. In addition to the tension between politics and literature, the tension between the inherent singing and dancing nature of Yangge and the theatricality introduced by the New Yangge Movement is another force driving the evolution of revolutionary Yangge from “New Yangge” to “Yangge Opera” and then to “New Opera”. In this artistic path towards the goal of “New Opera”, there has been a consistent effort of progressive intellectuals creating new literature and art for the nation since the May Fourth Movement. The story of Yangge and revolution reminds people that although the centennial literature and art history of the Communist Party of China is certainly a history of political ideology shaping literature and art, literature and art are not entirely passive and transformed objects. They revolutionize themselves and pave the way forward through proactive interaction with politics in the process of national transformation and rejuvenation.