创业倦怠研究现状探析与未来展望

A Literature Review and Roadmap for Future Research on Entrepreneurial Burnout

创业倦怠是创业者在创业过程中经历的一种持续的、消极的创业情感,涉及创业者的情绪衰竭、认知下降、动机减弱等情感变化。本文通过对相关文献的梳理和整合,从情绪、认知、动机三元要素重新界定创业倦怠的内涵,厘清了职业倦怠与创业倦怠的异同,梳理并指出了国内外创业倦怠量表的类型与不足,从影响因素、过程与机制、情境和条件三个维度揭示了创业倦怠的形成机制,阐述了创业倦怠对个体、组织的影响作用,在此基础上构建了创业倦怠整体研究框架,提出了创业倦怠的层次演化、动态演化等未来研究方向及研究方法。本研究丰富了创业情感理论,对创业实践活动具有较强的指导价值。

Based on 129 literatures obtained from main databases,this paper comprehensively reviews entrepreneurial burnout from the four dimensions of connotation,measurement,formation mechanism and impact,constructs an overall research framework,and explores future research directions.The conclusions are as follows:First,there are significant differences between entrepreneurial burnout and job burnout.Based on the two existing research elements,this paper puts forward three elements to define the connotation of entrepreneurial burnout:emotion,cognition and motivation.Second,the current scales of entrepreneurial burnout are based on job burnout,which cannot reflect the uniqueness of entrepreneurs’burnout in the context of entrepreneurship.The scales need to be developed and designed based on emotion,cognition and motivation.Third,this paper systematically studies the formation factors of entrepreneurial burnout from the aspects of entrepreneur characteristics,entrepreneur cognition and entrepreneurial context,analyzes the formation process and mechanism of entrepreneurial burnout from the aspects of emotional perception,cognitive development and resource accumulation,and explains the formation situation and conditions of entrepreneurial burnout from the perspective of entrepreneur characteristics and organizational environment.The future research directions include that:To deepen the research on the connotation and extension of entrepreneurial burnout from the perspective of team and organization levels and enterprise life cycle;to develop and optimize the measurement scale based on the three factors of entrepreneurial burnout;to explore the dynamic development process of entrepreneurial burnout and the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial burnout at different levels or in different entrepreneurial groups;to make empirical studies on the transmission mechanism of entrepreneurial burnout in the organization;and to explore the diversity of entrepreneurial burnout research methods.The main contributions lie in that:This paper extends burnout to the field of entrepreneurship,and systematically analyzes the particularity of entrepreneurial burnout.Based on the three elements of emotion,cognition and motivation,this paper defines the connotation of entrepreneurial burnout,points out the shortcomings of the existing entrepreneurial burnout scale and its future research directions,and integrates the formation mechanism and impact of entrepreneurial burnout.It clarifies the theoretical research framework of entrepreneurial burnout,deepens the research of entrepreneurial emotion and entrepreneurial theory,and provides reference for entrepreneurs to maintain entrepreneurial passion and avoid entrepreneurial burnout.