国内外国家公园特许经营实践及启示--以东北虎豹国家公园为例

Practice and Enlightenment of National Park Concession at Home and Abroad:A Case Study of Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park

特许经营制度是世界各国有效实践国家公园综合管理的重要工具。文中介绍美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、韩国等国以及我国三江源、大熊猫、普达措、武夷山、神农架等国家公园特许经营政策及实践,归纳国内外国家公园特许经营制度设计和实施经验;以我国东北虎豹国家公园为个案,分析其开展特许经营的必要性及面临的挑战,并提出国内外国家公园特许经营实践的几点启示,包括采取管理权与经营权分离下的特许经营组织模式、制定符合自身实际的特许经营项目清单、建立东北虎豹国家公园特许经营反哺机制。

Concession system is an important approach to the effective and comprehensive management of national parks around the world. The paper introduces the policies and practices of national park concession in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Republic of Korea, as well as in China including Sanjiangyuan, Giant Panda, Pudacuo, Wuyi Mountain, Shennongjia national parks, and summarizes the experience in the design and implementation of national park concession system at home and abroad.Then, taking Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park as a case, this paper analyzes the necessity and challenges of implementing concession system, and puts forward some inspirations, including separating administration right and management right as the foundation for concession, making a list of facilities for concession in line with its own conditions, and establishing the feedback mechanism for the concession.