美国引导林农参与碳市场的经验及启示

Guiding Forest Farmers to Participate in the Carbon Market: Insights from the United States of America

林农参与林业碳汇项目对提高其生计能力和收入以及应对气候变化具有重要意义。文中主要以美国家庭林主为研究对象,简要介绍其参与碳市场的背景、美国碳市场关于林业项目的规定以及美国引导家庭林主参与碳市场的经验,针对我国林农参与碳市场遇到的障碍,提出如下建议:1)合理制定碳汇交易规则,保障林业碳汇项目有序开展;2)完善中介服务体系,认可及备案更多的第三方机构;3)拓宽林业融资渠道,降低林业经营风险;4)开发适宜的方法学,引导小规模林业项目发展;5)制定全面的援助计划,激发林业碳汇项目的多重效益。

Forest farmers’ participation in forest carbon sink projects is important to increase their livelihoods and incomes and to cope with climate change. This paper, focusing on American family forest owners, briefly introduces the background of family forest owners’ participation in the carbon market in the USA, American carbon market’s regulations on forest sink projects, and the American experience of guiding family forest owners to participate in the carbon market. In view of the obstacles encountered by forest farmers participating in the carbon market in China, the paper comes up with the following suggestions: 1)Formulating reasonable trading rules to ensure the orderly development of forestry carbon sink projects;2)Improving the intermediary service system, and accrediting and registering more third-party organizations;3)Widening the channels for forestry financing and reducing forest management risks;4) Developing appropriate methodology to guide the development of small-scale forest carbon sink projects;and 5)Launching comprehensive assistance programs to stimulate the multiple benefits of forest carbon sink projects.