有机无机肥配施对梨园土壤肥力及果实品质的影响

Effect of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and Fruit Quality of Pear Orchard

【目的】探究有机无机肥配施对梨园土壤肥力及果实品质的影响,为改良土壤、促进果树生长、提高果实品质及果园经济效益等提供科学依据。【方法】以6年生库尔勒香梨为试验材料,共设置7个处理,分别为不施肥、100%化肥、25%有机肥+75%化肥、50%有机肥+50%化肥、75%有机肥+25%化肥、100%有机肥、矿源黄腐酸钾。测定土壤理化性质、腐殖质碳组分和香梨可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C、单果重主要果实品质指标。【结果】与对照(不施肥)相比,不同施肥处理均可不同程度提高土壤肥力指标和果实品质。其中50%有机肥+50%化肥配施处理能更好地改善土壤养分状况,且能够显著降低土壤pH值;单施矿源黄腐酸钾处理的土壤速效钾含量增加显著,达到对照(不施肥)处理的3.3倍;各处理中,50%有机肥+50%化肥配施处理对香梨可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、糖酸比果实品质指标和单果重指标提升最为显著。【结论】50%有机肥+50%化肥配施是值得推荐的施肥方式,该施肥处理提高土壤肥力和梨树果实品质的效果最佳,果园水果生产的经济效益也最好。

[Objective] Exploring the effects of different fertilizer applications on the soil fertility and fruit quality of pear orchard so as to provide reference for fertilizing soil, promoting fruit growth, improving fruit quality and economic benefits of orchard production. [Method] Through using the 6-year-old P. brestschneideri in Beijing subcenter as experimental material, and setting 7 sets of fertilization treatments, including no fertilizer, 100% chemical fertilizer, 25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer, 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer, 75%organic fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer, 100% organic fertilizer and mineral fulvic acid. The soil properties, soil humus fractions and main fruit quality of P.brestschneideri, including soluble sugar, soluble solids, vitamin C and single fruit weight were determined. [Result] Different fertilization treatments could improve the soil fertility and quality of pear fruit to varying degrees. The nutrient contents and soil pH value under the 50% organic fertilizer + 50%chemical fertilizer application were improved. The mineral fulvic acid potassium could significantly increase the content of soil AK by 2.3 times compared with no fertilizer treatment. The application of 50% organic fertilizer + 50%chemical fertilizer had the most significant effect on soluble sugar, soluble solid, sugar-acid ratio and single fruit weight of P.brestschneideri. [Conclusion] The application of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer has the best effect on improving soil fertility and fruit quality, and therefore it is most conducive to the improvement of the economic interests of pear orchard.