美国海域油气区块租赁规划和管理及其对中国的启示

Offshore oil and gas leasing planning and mineral rights management in the United States and its inspiration

美国海域油气管理部门主要为海洋能源管理局和安全与环境执法局。海域油气租赁区块来自联邦政府所属的近海外大陆架,对外租赁的每个油气区块都必须包含在5年规划内。美国政府制定海域油气区块租赁5年规划会结合国家安全和资源情况,总统有撤回计划的权利,政府也可根据油气市场等因素予以变更。官方网站按月发布有效租约面积、矿业权人及区块是否在产等信息进行区块合同管理。美国勘探租约期限最长为10年,可申请多次延续。通过分析中美两国油气区块管理制度等社会环境,针对中国目前尚未制定专门的油气出让规划的现状,建议逐步建立中国油气区块出让规划,明确规划权威性,保障规划实施;高度重视规划编制的前期调查与研究,建立与中国资源品质配套的出让规划;加大中国油气上游行业投资环境研究,吸引潜在投资群体。

The offshore oil and gas management departments in the US are the Department of the Interior,Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the Security and Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement.The offshore proposed leasing blocks is from outer continental shelf belonged to the government.Every leasing block must be included in the five-year plan.Considering national security and resource conditions,the government draw the five-year plan,which the President has the right to withdraw,and the government can also make changes based on factors such as the oil and gas market.The official website releases monthly information such as effective lease area,mining right holder and whether the block is in production for block contract management.Leases usually last up to 10 years and can be suspended for many times.By analyzing the social environment such as the oil and gas block management system in China and the United States,aiming at the current situation that China has not yet formulated a special oil and gas leasing planning,it is suggested to gradually establish China’s oil and gas leasing plan,clarify the authority of the plan,ensure the implementation of the plan,put emphasis on investigation and research of the proposed blocks,establish a transfer plan matching the quality of the resources,do research in the investment environment of China’s oil and gas upstream industry to attract potential investment groups.