美国成品油管道管输能力分配机制及其启示

The allocation mechanism of U.S. multiproduct oil pipeline transmission capacity and the enlightenments

以用户分类模式、长期托运方及新托运方管输能力分配机制为着眼点,以美国巴克艾伙伴公司和科洛尼尔管道公司为例,详细剖析美国成品油管道的管输能力分配机制。中国成品油管道的公平开放尚处于初期阶段,在深化成品油管道市场化进程中,首先应保证油气设施信息的公开和透明,制订标准的公平开放制度,而后根据中国油气市场行业实际情况逐步细化开放机制。借鉴美国成品油管道管输能力分配机制,对于中国成品油管输能力分配机制,建议:制订全国统一的成品油管网准入制度;搭建统一的管输能力交易平台;考虑地区差异,在统一按历史运输量进行用户分类的模式下,不同地区可根据具体情况对用户分类的具体阈值进行一定程度调整;在管道发生拥塞时,针对长期托运方采取基于历史运输量按比例进行分配的方式;新托运方的管输能力分配采取抽签的方式;监管体系透明化。

This study focuses on the user classification model,the long-term shipper,and the new shipper’s pipeline transportation capacity allocation mechanism,explores the detailed multiproduct pipeline transportation capacity allocation mechanism in the United States by taking Buckeye Partners and Colonial Pipelines as examples.The fair opening of China’s refined oil pipeline is still in the early stage and China should ensure the openness and transparency of oil and gas facilities information,formulate the standards of a fair and open system,and then refine the opening mechanism according to the actual situation in the process of deepening the marketization of refined oil pipelines.Drawing on the allocation mechanism of the pipeline capacity of the refined oil pipeline in the United States,combined with the actual situation of marketization of the Chinese oil and gas industry,it is suggested for the allocation mechanism of Chinese pipeline capacity in the future formulating a unified national access system for the refined oil pipeline network,building a unified trading platform for the ability,adjusting the specific threshold of user classification for different regions according to the specific situation under the unified mode of user classification according to historical traffic volume by considering regional differences.A prorated allocation based on historical traffic could be used for long-term shippers when there is existing of pipeline congestion,the allocation of the new shipper’s capacity for transmission shall be by lottery,and the transparent regulatory system should be kept.