福建省2011—2020年流行性腮腺炎流行特征

Epidemic characteristics of mumps in Fujian,2011-2020

目的分析2011—2020年福建省流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为制定有效防制措施及评价防治效果提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集2011—2020年福建省流行性腮腺炎报告病例,对腮腺炎病例的咽拭子标本进行细胞培养、基因定型和基因序列分析。采用描述流行病学方法,分析流行性腮腺炎病例的时间、地区和人群分布特征。结果2011—2020年福建省流行性腮腺炎平均报告发病率为14.49/10万,各年发病率在4.69/10万~43.17/10万,2011年发病率最高,2013年后发病率呈明显下降趋势;9个地级市及平潭综合实验区均有腮腺炎病例报告,发病无明显地域性特征;每年发病季节呈现明显的双峰分布,第一个发病高峰为4—7月,第二个小高峰在11月到次年1月;男性多于女性,男女性别比1.74∶1,男、女发病差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。发病人群以学生和儿童为主(占72.71%),年龄主要分布在5~14岁,随年龄增长呈下降趋势;聚集性疫情主要发生在小学和中学,发生地为农村中小学30.43%(21/69)低于城镇中小学及中等教育学校69.57%(48/69)。病原学监测发现,福建省存在F和G两种不同基因型腮腺炎病毒流行传播。结论2011—2020年福建省流行性腮腺炎发病呈下降趋势,仍需加强学校和托幼机构等重点场所的防控工作,避免发生聚集性疫情;F和G两种不同基因型在福建省存在传播链,需加强病原学监测工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2020,this paper provides a basis for the formulation of effective prevention and control measures and the evaluation of prevention and control effects.Methods All the reported mumps were collected through National Notifiable Disease Information Management System,2011-2020.Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture,genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus(MuV).Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the feature of time,geography and population.Results The average incidence of mumps in Fujian Province was 14.49/100000,and the annual incidence was4.69/100000-43.17/100000,and the highest incidence was in 2011.Since 2013,the incidence of mumps decreased significantly;Mumps cases have been reported in 9 prefecture-level cities and in Pingtan County,and no regional characteristics existed.Two seasonal peaks occurred regularly in years,the first peak was from April to July,the second small peak was from November to January in the next year.There were more males than females of incidence,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.74 to 1.There was significant difference between male and female(P<0.01).Most of the patients were students and children(72.71%).The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 14 years old,and decreased with the increase of age.The concentrated outbreaks mainly occurred in primary and secondary schools,with 30.43%(21/69)in rural primary and secondary schools lower than 69.57%(48/69)in urban primary and secondary schools and secondary education schools.Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of two different genotype F and G Mumps virus existed in Fujian.Conclusion The incidence of epidemic mumps decreased in Fujian,2010-2020.The the prevention and control should be strengthened in key places such as schools and nurseries,so as to avoid the occurrence of aggregated epidemic.Two different genotypes of F and G occured in Fujian Province,the surveillance of pathogeny should be strengthened.