低稳定预期与服务类社会组织专业化水平

Unstable Expectations and the Specialization Level of Service-oriented Social Organizations

现有研究强调制度限制导致了当前基层社会组织专业化水平普遍偏低,这不利于准确把握社会组织发展面临的障碍,影响了相关政策的指导方向。本文采取“结构-能动性”分析的视角,针对这一现象从机制层面提供了一个新解释。本文认为,多中心分散化的购买服务机制与强调短期利益的竞争性考评体系无法为社会组织提供一个稳定的预期,与低稳定预期相伴随的是社会组织应对的策略性逻辑,社会组织或通过发展特殊主义关系来稳定资源渠道,或培养自己成为“多面手”从而具备承接多个项目的能力,但无论哪种策略都不利于社会组织专业化水平的提升。

Existing research emphasizes that institutional limitations lead to the general low level of specialization in current grassroots social organizations,resulting in the inability of the academic community to accurately grasp the institutional obstacles facing the development of social organizations,which has affected the direction of related policies.This paper adopts a “structural-energy” perspective to provide a new explanation for this phenomenon at the institutional level.The paper argues that the multi-center decentralized service purchasing mechanism and the competitive assessment system that emphasizes short-term benefits cannot provide a stable expectation for social organizations.The unstable expectation is accompanied by the strategic logic of social organizations’ response.In this context,social organizations either develop particular relationships to stabilize resource channels,or cultivate themselves to become “all-rounders” and have the ability to undertake multiple projects.But no matter what kind of strategy is not conducive to the promotion of the professional level of social organizations.In the future,only by abandoning the instrumental orientation of social organization,will it be possible to get rid of this dilemma fundamentally.