党的领导体制下的政策制定模式及其特征——基于主体、结构和层级的视角

The Policy-making Mode under the CPC’s Leadership System:Based on the Perspective of Subject,Structure and Hierarchy

在中国的政治过程中,必须理解中国共产党和党的领导体制才能真正理解公共政策的制定过程。党的领导体制下的政策制定模式在横向上表现为内在结构关系,在纵向上表现为层级落实实践,在过程中显现出“来源性主体”特征。具体来讲,中国的政策制定过程表现出了中心下沉和中心扩散的特点;回归到主体上,又表现为党的领导的贯穿性;通过这些特征,并基于结构、层级的来源性主体,中国在党的领导体制下形成了独特的政策制定模式。这一政策制定模式也逐步走向成熟与定型,并需要将制度优势更多地转化为治理效能。

In the political process of China,it is necessary to understand the Communist Party of China and the CPC’s leadership system in order to truly figure out the process of policy-making.The policy-making model under the CPC’s leadership system is horizontally manifested as internal structural relationships,and vertically manifested as hierarchical practices implementation,showing the characteristics of source-based subjects in the process.Specifically,China’s policy-making process has shown the characteristics of central sinking and central diffusion;returning to the subjects,it also manifests itself as the penetration of the CPC’s leadership.Through these characteristics,China has formed a unique policy-making model under the CPC’s leadership system.This policy-making model is gradually becoming mature and finalized,and more institutional advantages need to be transformed into governance efficiency.