“守门人”范式转变与传播学转向——基于技术演进历程与平台治理制度创新的视角

Paradigm Shift of“Gatekeeper”and Communication Turn:From the Perspective of Technological Evolution and Platform Governance Institutional Innovation

从"守卫"新闻传播的内容之门,到"守卫"平台治理的社会之门,"守门人"概念的范式转变反映了技术进步与时代发展的必然趋势,延续了人类文明内在一致的时代精神,也代表着整个数字时代人类社会传播与治理的范式转变。本文通过文献研究与跨学科比较研究,对"守门人"概念进行溯源,梳理其内涵与范式转变历程。经由新闻传播领域"守门人"到互联网平台"守门人",剖析其中的变与不变,对数字时代变革的本质与当今人类社会治理面临的困境展开辨析。从新闻传播的"守门人"到平台的"守门人",本质上是人类社会信息传播的角色和作用的范式转变。在以数据为核心的新的人类传播行为主导下,传播学理论基础和知识体系需要被重构,以实现传播学真正的范式转变。"守门人"概念的转变为传播学的转向和重构提供了重要启示,也提出了重要警示。

From“gatekeeping”the content gate of journalism and communication to“gatekeeping”the social gate of platform governance,the paradigm shift of the concept of“gatekeeper”reflects the inevitable trend of technological progress and the development of the times,continues the internal consistent spirit of human civilization,and also represents the paradigm shift of human social communication and governance in the whole digital age.This study traces the origin of the concept of“gatekeeper”and combs its connotation and paradigm transformation process through literature research and interdisciplinary comparative research.From the“gatekeeper”in the field of journalism and communication to the“gatekeeper”on the Internet platform,this paper analyzes the changes and invariance,and discriminates the essence of the change in the digital age and the difficulties faced by today’s human social governance.From the“gatekeeper”of journalism and communication to the“gatekeeper”of the platform is essentially a paradigm shift in the role and role of information communication in human society.Under the guidance of the new human communication behavior with data as the core,the theoretical basis and knowledge system of communication need to be reconstructed in order to realize the real paradigm transformation of communication.The change of the concept of“gatekeeper”provides important enlightenment for the transformation and reconstruction of communication.