从复杂项目管理到复杂系统管理:北京大兴国际机场工程进度管理实践

From Complex Project Management to Complex System Management:Schedule Management of the Beijing Daxing International Airport Construction

工程实施过程中涌现的复杂整体性问题正成为当前重大工程管理中的一个严峻挑战。针对这一问题,北京大兴国际机场推动了复杂整体性范式转移和管理模式变革,实现了从复杂项目管理到复杂系统管理的蜕变。该案例通过整体性计划重构、现场进度总控平台设计及整体性过程控制等系列管理措施,有效地解决了其复杂整体性挑战。基于该案例的研究,本文揭示了重大工程情境中复杂项目管理与复杂系统管理的基本内涵和本质区别,提出了重大工程复杂整体性演化的"单峰"理论与"双峰"理论,设计了一个面向复杂整体性的重大工程管理模式转型流程。研究发现不仅为复杂系统管理理论提供了一个重要的实践应用,也为构建具有中国特色的重大工程管理体系提供参考。

Managing megaprojects today poses a grand challenge of dealing with overall complexity emerging in the implementation process.To deal with such a challenge,the Beijing Daxing International Airport changes management thinking and transforms its project management model from complex project management to complex system management.By introducing several new management methods,including overall project plan redevelopment,overall construction schedule control platform design and central process control,this case successfully responds to the challenge of overall complexity involved.Based on an in-depth study of this case,this paper defines the concepts of complex project management and complex system management in the context of megaprojects,followed by the"single wave"and"double waves"theories for evolution of overall complexity in megaprojects.Then a process of project management-model change for handling overall complexity is proposed.These findings will not only provide a practical application for complex system management theory,but also contribute to the establishment of megaproject management theory in China.