美国国际气候政策的连续性与稳定性——以美国国际发展金融公司的气候政策为例

The Continuity and Stability of U.S.International Climate Policy--A Case Study of America’s International Development Finance Corporation’s Climate Policy

20世纪90年代以来,美国国际气候政策发生数次根本性调整。相对于白宫国际气候立场的易变性与波动性,美国联邦机构的气候政策表现出较强的连续性与稳定性。美国国际发展金融公司作为美国重要的国际发展机构和国际气候融资机构,其气候政策与白宫的气候立场在一定程度上并不同步。这主要受其自身国际地位、联邦政策变化、国会权衡取舍、国内环保理念、国际同行竞争等多种因素影响。《巴黎协定》达成之前,美国国际发展金融公司的气候行动曾在国际同行中遥遥领先。《巴黎协定》达成之后,相较于全球同类机构纷纷顺势而为增强气候行动的力度,美国国际发展金融公司未能及时更新其气候政策,从而显得行动滞后。预计未来,在拜登政府推进国际气候政策、国际同行竞争压力加大的共同作用下,美国国际发展金融公司将进一步加强其气候行动。

Since the 1990s, several fundamental changes have taken place in U.S. international climate policy. Compared to the volatility and instability of the White House’s international climate position, the climate policy of U.S.federal agencies shows strong continuity and stability. As an important international development finance institution and an international climate institution, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation’s climate policy is not completely consistent with the White House’s position. This is a result of the Corporation’s own international strength, changes in federal policies, trade-offs in Congress, domestic environmental practices, and international competition. Before the Paris Agreement, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation was far ahead of its international counterparts in climate action. After the Paris Agreement, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation failed to update its climate policy, thus appearing to be lagging behind. It is expected that in the future, with the Biden administration’s international climate policy advancement and intense international competition, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation will further strengthen its climate action.