饮食护理在糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析中的效果

Effect of diet nursing in maintenance hemodialysis of diabetic nephropathy

目的探析饮食护理对糖尿病肾病行维持性血液透析患者营养的改善作用。方法选取广东省阳江市人民医院2019年2月—2020年8月收治的94例糖尿病肾病行维持性血液透析患者,根据不同护理模式将其纳入对照组和观察组,每组47例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施常规护理联合饮食护理,比较两组患者的营养摄入情况、营养学指标水平、营养状态、并发症发生率、生活质量(SF-36)评分以及护理总满意率。结果观察组护理后的蛋白质与能量摄入量为(1.36±0.37)g/(kg·d)和(153.65±27.03)kal/(kg·d),均多于对照组的(1.05±0.33)g/(kg·d)和(122.37±24.67)kal/(kg·d);观察组护理后的血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于对照组;观察组护理后的MQSGA评分低于对照组;观察组的并发症发生率低于对照组;观察组护理后SF-36量表的各项评分及平均分均高于对照组;观察组的护理总满意率为100.00%,高于对照组的89.36%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论饮食护理在糖尿病肾病行维持性血液透析患者护理中的实施效果明显,可有效改善患者的营养状况,减少并发症发生率,提升生活质量与护理总满意率,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To explore the effect of diet nursing on nutritional improvement of patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods From February 2019 to August2020,94 patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Guangdong Province Yangjiang People’s Hospital were selected,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to different nursing modes,with 47 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing and the observation group received routine nursing combined with diet nursing. The nutritional intake,the levels of nutritional indexes,nutritional status,the incidence of complications,the score quality of life(SF-36)and total satisfaction rate of nursing were compared between the two groups. Results The protein and energy intake of the observation group were(1.36±0.37)g/(kg·d)and(153.65±27.03)kal/(kg·d),which were more than(1.05±0.33)g/(kg·d)and(122.37±24.67)kal/(kg·d)of the control group;the levels of serum albumin,transferrin,prealbumin and hemoglobin in the observation group were higher than those in the control group;the MQSGA score in the observation group after nursing was lower than that in the control group;the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group;each score and the average score of SF-36 scale in the observation group were higher than those in the control group;the total satisfaction rate of nursing in the observation group was 100.00%,which was higher than 89.36% in the control group,and the differences above were all statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion The implementation effect of diet nursing in patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing maintenance hemodialysis was significant,which could effectively improve the nutritional status of patients,reduce the incidence of complications,improve the quality of life and the total satisfaction rate of nursing,which was worthy of clinical promotion and application.