学龄前儿童哮喘诊断及评估工具的研究进展

Research progress on diagnosis and evaluation tools of asthma in preschool children

支气管哮喘(以下简称哮喘)是儿童常见的危害公共卫生健康的慢性气道疾病。大多数哮喘儿童首次症状出现在学龄前,近年来患病率有逐年增长的趋势,且控制率不太理想,对学龄前儿童及家庭的生活质量造成了一定影响。哮喘患儿的慢性气道损伤通常始于学龄前的持续性喘息。喘息尽早进行有效干预及治疗,才能避免发生不可逆的气道损伤。由于哮喘发病机制的复杂性,儿童哮喘很难完全控制,正确诊断和评估、治疗哮喘,加强患儿及家属的宣教和自我管理,对提升儿童哮喘控制水平很有帮助。由于学龄前儿童年龄小,配合度差,缺乏相应的客观的检测方法,及时诊断有一定困难。因此,选择合适的预测模型和评估工具对学龄前儿童哮喘的诊断至关重要。本文对学龄前儿童哮喘预测模型和评估工具的研究进展进行综述,以期为学龄前儿童哮喘的诊断及有效控制提供帮助。

Bronchial asthma(hereinafter referred to as asthma)is a common chronic airway disease that endangers public health in children. Most children with asthma have their first symptoms before school age.In recent years,the prevalence rate has increased trend year by year,and the control rate is not ideal,which has a certain impact on the quality of life of preschool children and families. Chronic airway damage in children with asthma usually begins with persistent wheezing before school age. Effective intervention and treatment of wheezing as soon as possible can avoid irreversible airway injury. Due to the complexity of the pathogenesis of asthma,it is difficult to completely control children’s asthma. Correct diagnosis,assessment and treatment of asthma,and strengthening the education and self-management of children and their families are very helpful to improve the level of asthma control in children. Due to the young age of preschool children,poor coordination and lack of corresponding objective detection methods,it is difficult to diagnose asthma in time. Therefore,the selection of appropriate prediction models and evaluation tools is very important for the diagnosis of asthma in preschool children. This article reviews the research progress of asthma prediction models and assessment tools in preschool children,in order to provide help for the diagnosis and effective control of asthma in preschool children.