早期肺癌患者血清标志物的研究进展

Research progress of markers in serum of patients with early lung cancer

肺癌为肺实质部位起源于支气管或细支气管黏膜或腺体的一种恶性肿瘤,当肺癌出现局部侵犯及扩散转移时,会引起很多的临床症状及并发症,如压迫患者的颈交感神经,导致患者出现Horner综合征。当患者的上腔静脉受到压迫时,可导致患者出现上腔静脉阻塞综合征;如果侵及到胸壁时,可导致患者出现呼吸困难、胸痛等症状。当肺癌向肺脏外转移时,可导致患者出现淋巴结固定、头痛、肝区疼痛、黄疸、病理性骨折等临床表现。因此及早诊断疾病不仅能够为患者提供最佳的治疗时间,也能够预防及减少因肿瘤扩散而引起的并发症出现。肿瘤标志物用于早期恶性肿瘤患者的临床诊断已经得到公认,常用的肺癌血清肿瘤标志物比较多,不过单一标志物对肺癌的诊断、尤其早期诊断价值有限。本文概述了肺癌的临床表现及常见检查方法,重点对早期肺癌患者血清中早期标志物的研究进展进行综述。

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor of the lung parenchyma originating from the bronchial or bronchiole mucosa or glands. When the local spread of lung cancer occurs,it will cause a lot of adverse symptoms,such as compression of cervical sympathetic nerve,which can lead to Horner syndrome. When the superior vena cava is compressed,it can lead to superior vena cava obstruction syndrome. When invading the chest wall,it can lead to breathing difficulties,chest pain and other symptoms. When lung cancer has extrapulmonary metastasis,it can lead to lymph node fixation,headache,liver pain,jaundice,pathological fracture and other clinical manifestations. Therefore,early diagnosis of the disease can not only provide the best treatment time for patients,but also prevent and reduce the complications caused by tumor diffusion. It has been recognized that tumor markers are used in the clinical diagnosis of patients with early malignant tumors. There are more frequently-used serum tumor markers for lung cancer,but the value of single markers is limited in the diagnosis of lung cancer,especially in the early diagnosis. This paper summarizes the clinical manifestations and common examination methods of lung cancer,focusing on the research progress of early markers in serum of patients with early lung cancer.