耕作微地形单元对溅蚀的影响

Effects of Microtopographic Unit Caused by Tillage on Soil Splash Erosion

探究不同微地形特征对溅蚀的影响,为黄土高原水土保持耕作方式提供科学布设依据。选取杨凌塿土为研究对象,通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,降雨强度分别为20,40,60,80,100,120 mm/h,降雨历时10 min,研究不同耕作措施(平整地、点种、条播)下造成的微地形单元对溅蚀的影响特征。结果表明:(1)不同坡度条件下(0,6°,10°,13°,20°,26°)耕作微地形单元内的溅蚀总量随着降雨强度的增加呈线性增加(R^(2)≥0.95)。(2)微地形单元内的向下坡溅蚀量随着坡度和降雨强度的变化呈二元一次函数关系(R^(2)≥0.90)。(3)耕作微地形单元内微坡向影响溅蚀发生的方向和分布情况。研究结果为揭示溅蚀发生的原因和完善溅蚀机理提供了参考。

In order to explore the effects of different microtopographic characteristics on splash erosion,so as to provide scientific basis for soil and water conservation tillage in the Loess Plateau,the Yangling Lou soil was taken as the research object.Through indoor artificial simulation rainfall experiment(rainfall intensity was 20 mm/h,40 mm/h,60 mm/h,80 mm/h,100 mm/h,120 mm/h,respectively,lasting for 10 min),the influence of microtopographic units caused by different tillage measures(land leveling,dibble sowing,drill sowing)on splash erosion were studied.The results showed that:(1)Under different slope conditions(0,6°,10°,13°,20°,26°),the total amount of splash erosion in cultivated microtopographic unit increased linearly with the increases of rainfall intensities(R^(2)≥0.95).(2)The amount of splash erosion on the downward slope in the microtopographic unit was a bivariate linear function with the changes of slope and rainfall intensities(R^(2)≥0.90).(3)The micro slope direction in the cultivated micro terrain unit would affect the direction and distribution of splash erosion.The research results could provide a reference for revealing the causes of splash corrosion and perfecting the splash corrosion mechanism.