不同产量水平大豆群体光合特性和产量构成差异研究

Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Components of Soybean Population at Different Yield Levels

为探讨不同产量水平大豆品种的产量构成因子、功能叶SPAD值、冠层叶面积指数(LAI)和光能截获率(LI)的差异,本研究以产量为依据,采用方差分析法将12份大豆品种划分为高产型、中产型和低产型,比较不同产量水平大豆产量构成因子、SPAD值、LAI及LI的差异特征。结果表明:(1)不同产量水平大豆品种SPAD值、LI和LAI变化趋势基本一致,均呈单峰曲线,但生育后期SPAD值、LI、LAI下降速率不同,表现为高产型<中产型<低产型。全生育期平均SPAD值、LI、LAI均表现为高产型>中产型>低产型;(2)不同产量水平大豆品种百粒重和单株荚数无显著差异,而单株粒数表现为高产型>中产型>低产型;(3)高产大豆品种的产量构成因子和SPAD值、LAI、LI指标范围分别为:百粒重为20.9~25.8 g、单株荚数为30.1~35.7、单株粒数为58.9~70.1,全生育期平均SPAD值、LAI和LI分别为37.4~38.1、3.0~3.1和81.5%~91.2%。研究结果表明生育后期叶片衰老缓慢,SPAD值保持较高水平,群体LAI和LI较高,拥有较高光合物质生产能力是实现高产的主要生理基础。

In order to explore the differences of the main yield factors and functional leaf SPAD value,canopy leaf area index(LAI)and light interception rate(LI)of soybean at different yield levels in Anhui Province.In this study,12 soybean varieties were divided into high yield level,middle yield level and low yield level by the analysis of variance based on yield,and then the yield factors,SPAD value,LAI and LI of the three levels were compared and analyzed.The results show that:(1)The dynamic trends of SPAD value,LI and LAI of soybean varieties at different yield levels showed a single peak curve.However,the decline rates of SPAD value,LI and LAI were different at the later growth stage.The decreasing rate of SPAD value,LI and LAI of high-yield level was lower than that of middle yield level,and the decreasing rate of SPAD value,LI and LAI of middle yield level was lower than that of low yield level.The SPAD value,LI and LAI of high yield level were larger than those of middle yield level,and the middle yield level were larger than those of low yield level.(2)There were no significant differences in 100-seed weight and pod number per plant among soybean varieties at different yield levels.But the seeds number per plant of high yield level was greater than that of middle yield level,and the seeds number per plant of middle yield level was greater than that of low yield level.(3)The yield components and SPAD value,LAI and LI index ranges of high-yield level were proved to be:The SPAD value,LAI and LI were 37.4-38.1,3.0-3.1 and 81.5%-91.2%during the whole growth period,respectively.The slow leaf senescence,high SPAD value,high LAI and LI,and high photosynthetic capacity in the late growth period were identified as the main physiological basis for high yield.