外泌体在慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生发展中的作用研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in the occurrence and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种发病率与病死率均较高的呼吸系统疾病,其病因与发病机制目前尚未明确。外泌体是广泛存在于各种体液并在细胞间通讯起到关键作用的物质,其与慢性呼吸系统疾病的发生、发展、预后等过程密切相关。外泌体可调控COPD患者肺上皮细胞炎症反应,有助于改善气道重塑和减轻肺部炎症反应;通过干预巨噬细胞来源外泌体延缓上皮间质转化过程,有望为慢性呼吸系统疾病的治疗提供新方向。另外,外泌体具有高度的循环稳定性和靶向性,有望成为理想的靶向药物载体。基于此,本文就外泌体的结构功能特点及其在COPD发生、发展过程中的作用机制进行综述。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a kind of respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality,and its etiology and pathogenesis are not clear yet.Exosomes widely exist in various body fluids and play a vital medium for communication,which is closely related to the occurrence,development and prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases.Exosomes can regulate the inflammatory response of pulmonary epithelial cells of patients with COPD,help to improve airway remodeling and reduce pulmonary inflammatory response.Moreover,exosomes is expected to provide a new direction for the treatment of chronic respiratory system by intervening macrophage derived exosomes to delay epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.In addition,exosomes have the characteristics of high stability and targeting in circulation,it has shown the possibility of being an ideal targeting drug carrier.Based on this,this paper reviews the structural and functional characteristics of exosomes and their mechanism in the occurrence and development of COPD.