生物文化多样性研究及其环境史意义

Research on Biocultural Diversity and Its Significance in the Environmental History

生物文化多样性是世界多样性研究中的一个跨学科领域,集中描述各层面的生物多样性和包含所有文化多样性表现形态的世界差异性,以及生物和文化多样性之间的相互作用。它是生物多样性研究社会文化转向的结果,有机融合了生物学、生态学等自然科学和民族学、人类学、语言学等社会科学的理论与方法,形成了自己的研究逻辑。由于深受环境保护导向的研究传统和二元思维的影响,生物文化多样性将人与自然、现代文明与多样性的关系处理为一种紧张甚至对立状态,并导致过分强调“原生”和“地方”,限制了其普遍性意义。要想适应并促进人与自然和谐共生基础上的人类可持续发展,生物文化多样性亟需在其核心概念、视野、方法等方面寻找新突破,而它与环境史的互鉴融合是可供选择的路径之一。

Biocultural diversity is an interdisciplinary field in the study of world diversity.It focuses on describing biodiversity at all levels,world differences including all manifestations of cultural diversity,and the interaction between biological and cultural diversity.It is the result of the social-cultural turn of biodiversity research.It organically integrates the theories and methods of natural sciences such as biology and ecology and social sciences such as ethnology,anthropology and linguistics,forming its own research logic.Due to the influence of the research tradition oriented toward environmental protection and of the binary thinking mode,biocultural diversity deals with the relationship between man and nature,modern civilization and diversity as a tense or even antagonistic state,which leads to excessive emphasis on"originality"and"localities"and limits its universal significance.In order to adapt to and promote human sustainable development based on the harmonious coexistence between man and nature,biocultural diversity urgently needs to find new breakthroughs in terms of its core concepts,vision and methods,and one of the alternative paths is to learn from and integrate with the environmental history.