非营利性民办教育发展创新的逻辑与路径(笔谈)

Logic and Path for the Development and Innovation of Non-profit Private Education

实现非营利性民办教育高质量发展,宜互补促公益,促进非营利性民办教育健康发展;多方显优势,提升非营利性民办学校治理水平;分类担同责,优化基本公共教育服务;同向推普惠,增强非营利性民办学校贡献率;全程强扶持,推进非营利性民办职业教育发展;错位育新机,赋能非营利性民办高校发展。非营利性民办学校主要有企业、多主体、基金会、无社会资本举办者等类型,健全完善制度框架重在汇聚办学主体合力,明晰权责关系划分,规范搭建治理体系,优化经费筹措运营。非营利性民办学校组织属性定位主要遵循公平、效益、规范、需求等逻辑转变,为我国非营利性民办学校办学方向、制度基础和内部管理奠定基调。国外非营利性私立学校办学模式呈现出公益性、自主性、多样化并存的办学理念,"两头大中间小"的办学层次结构,公私合作式的办学体制创新,差别化与趋同化共存的外部赋能特征。非营利性民办普惠园发展面临政策偏离、财务违规、市场竞争风险,需分类分步落实成本分担政策,依托制度优化和机制建设倒逼规范办学,以行业联盟推动非营利性民办普惠园自律并营造良好环境。非营利性民办高中存在内部管理机制不健全、办学监管责任落实不充分、办学保障相对不足等发展瓶颈,需着力健全内部治理机制,强化制度供给,提升政府监管水平,丰富专项政策供给,推动办学模式创新,拓宽资源供给渠道。

To achieve the high-quality development of non-profit private education, we should complement each other to promote public welfare and the healthy development of non-profit private education, show advantages in multiple ways to improve the governance level of non-profit private schools, take the same responsibilities in different categories and optimize basic public education services, promote universal benefit in the same direction and increase the contribution rate of non-profit private schools, provide strong support throughout the process to promote the development of non-profit private vocational education, cultivate new opportunities for education to empower the development of non-profit private universities.Non-profit private schools are mainly organized by enterprises, multibody foundations, organizers without social capital, etc. To improve the institutional framework, it is important to gather the joint efforts of school running subjects, clarify the division of rights and responsibilities, standardize the establishment of governance systems, and optimize funding operations. The positioning of the organizational attributes of non-profit private schools mainly follows the logical transformation of fairness, efficiency, standardization and demand, and lays the tone for the direction,system foundation and internal management of non-profit private schools in China. The running model of foreign non-profit private school presents the concept of nonprofit, autonomous and diversified character, the school-running hierarchical structure of“big at both ends and small in the middle”, the innovation of public-private cooperation, and the coexistence of differentiation and assimilation concerning external empowerment. The development of non-profit private common good kindergarten is faced with policy deviations, financial violations, and market competition risks. It is necessary to implement cost sharing policies step by step, rely on system optimization and mechanism construction to push standardized school operation, and promote self-discipline of non-profit private common good kindergarten with industry alliance and create a good environment. Non-profit private high schools have development problems such as imperfect internal management mechanisms, insufficient implementation of school supervision responsibilities, and relatively insufficient school guarantees. It is necessary to focus on improving internal governance mechanisms, strengthen system supply, improve government supervision levels, enrich special policy supplies, promote school operation model innovation and broaden resource supply channels.