我国高校科技创新能力现状及影响因素——基于AHP-TOPSIS和QR分位数回归模型

The Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of Chinese Universities and Its lnfluencing Factors

高校作为科技创新的重要组成部分,能够培育满足国家战略需求的科技力量,支撑区域高质量发展。利用2010—2018年省际面板数据,结合AHP-TOPSIS模型、σ收敛模型以及QR分位数回归模型实证分析我国高校科技创新能力和影响因素。结果表明:我国高校科技高素质人才投入能力、校企合作能力以及成果转化能力存在不足;随着时间推移,我国高校科技创新能力整体上升且呈现由东部向东北、中部和西部顺序递减趋势;东部和西部各省高校科技创新能力存在显著差异,中部各省高校科技创新能力存在波动性差异,东北各省高校间科技创新能力差异逐渐减弱;人力资本投入、科研机构、科技经费拨入、高校专利授权、发表论文、市场创新环境、国际学术交流和经济发展水平是影响我国高校创新能力的主要因素。因此,应优化科研生态环境,提升高校科技创新人才质量,加强科技经费投入,提供多元融资渠道,发挥经济对高校科技创新能力的助推作用。

As an important part of scientific and technological innovation system, colleges and unniversities cultivate scientific and technological forces to satify the needs of national strategic and support high-quality reigonal development. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2010-2018,combined with the AHP-TOPSIS model and convergence model and quantile regression model, this paper empirically analyzes the scientific and technological innovation capabilities and influencing factors of Chinese universities. The results show that the investment ability of high quality scientific and technological talents, school-enterprise cooperation ability and achievement transformation ability of universities are not good. With the passage of time, the scientific and technological innovation ability of unversities in China increases as a whole and shows a decreasing trend from the east to the northeast,the middle and the west. There are significant differences between the eastern and western provinces in the ability of higher scientific and technological innovation. There are fluctuation differences in the scientific and technological innovation ability of unnversities in central China. The difference of scientific and technological innovation ability of unniversities in northeastern provinces has gradually decresesed.Human capital investment, number of scientific research institutions, science and technology funds, number of patent authorization, number of published papers, market innovation environment,international academic exchange and economic development level are main factors affecting the scientific and technological innovation ability of Chinese unniversities. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the ecological environment of scientific research to improve the quality of scientific and technlogical innovation talents in unniversities, strengthen the investment of scientific and technological funds,provide diversified financing channels and give full play to the boosting effect of economy on the innovation ability of unniversities.