甲卡西酮滥用人群的冲动性和攻击性特征及其影响因素分析

Pattern and risk factors of impulsivity and aggression among methcathinone users

目的探讨甲卡西酮滥用人群冲动性和攻击性特征及其影响因素。方法采用自制的甲卡西酮滥用情况调查问卷及中文版Barratt冲动量表(Barratt Impulsivity Scale,BIS-11)和中文版Buss&Perry攻击量表(Buss&Perry Aggression Questionnaire,BP-AQ),对山西省某强制隔离戒毒所内566例主要滥用物质为甲卡西酮的滥用人群进行调查。评估甲卡西酮滥用人群的冲动性和攻击性,并运用多重线性回归方法分析冲动性和攻击性的影响因素。结果甲卡西酮滥用人群BIS-11冲动性量表评分为37.57±16.83,BP-AQ攻击性量表评分为25.70±18.12,均显著高于正常人(冲动性:31.70±13.20,攻击性:21.01±12.71);甲卡西酮滥用时间长(≥12个月,β=4.11,P=0.004)、滥用后有渴求感(β=5.15,P<0.001)、伴随抑郁症状(β=7.57,P<0.001)或精神病性症状(β=6.05,P=0.002)可显著增加该人群冲动性水平;甲卡西酮滥用剂量大(≥0.5g/次,β=4.11,P=0.032)、同时滥用其他毒品(β=8.12,P=0.002)、滥用后有渴求感(β=4.73,P=0.002)、伴随抑郁症状(β=9.29,P<0.001)或精神病性症状(β=4.42,P=0.032)、有高冲动性(β=5.14,P=0.001)可显著增加该人群攻击性水平。结论甲卡西酮滥用者具有较高的冲动性和攻击性,甲卡西酮滥用程度越严重的人群其冲动性攻击性越强,且伴随抑郁、精神病性症状者其冲动性攻击行为也越多。研究表明,应进一步强化宣传教育,预防干预甲卡西酮滥用,并积极治疗毒品使用后出现的精神症状以减少和预防该人群冲动攻击行为的发生,减少其社会危害。

Objective To assess the pattern and risk factors of impulsivity and aggression among methcathinone users.Methods 566 methcathinone users in a compulsory isolation detoxification center from Shanxi Province were investigated with self-designed questionnaire form,Chinese version of Barratt Impulsivity Scale(BIS-11)and Chinese version of Buss&Perry Aggression Questionnaire(BP-AQ),the multivariate linear regression was applied to analyze the risk factors of impulsivity and aggression.Results The mean score for BIS-11 and BP-AQ were 37.57±16.83 and 25.70±18.12,which were higher than those of normal persons.Long-term methcathinone use(≥12 months,β=4.11,P=0.004),craving(β=5.15,P<0.001),depressive(β=7.57,P<0.001)or psychotic symptoms(β=6.05,P=0.002)were the risk factors of high impulsivity.High-dose methcathinone use(≥0.5 g,β=4.11,P=0.032),simultaneous abuse of other drugs(β=8.12,P=0.002),craving(β=4.73,P=0.002),depressive(β=9.29,P<0.001)or psychotic symptoms(β=4.42,P=0.032),higher impulsivity(β=5.14,P=0.001)were the risk factors of high aggression.Conclusion Impulsivity and aggression were high among methcathinone users.We should reduce methcathinone use and craving,intervene the depressive and psychotic symptoms to prevent impulsivity or aggression among methcathinone users.