长江经济带技术转移网络结构及影响机制探究

Research on Structure and Effect Mechanism of Technology Transfer Network in Yangtze River Economic Belt

技术转移是区域降低研发成本、创造新技术的重要途径和来源。以长江经济带为例,从incoPat专利数据库获取1985~2018年城市间专利转让数据,借助空间网络分析、模体挖掘、指数随机图模型分析方法,对长江经济带技术转移网络结构及影响机制进行探索。研究发现,在空间格局上,长三角是长江经济带技术转移网络中的创新高地与和核心区域,内部呈现组团式、多中心发展格局,且与外界联系紧密;上游区域中成渝技术转移非常活跃,在创新塌陷地呈"钉"式发展势头;中游城市分散式发展。在局部模体上,顶级城市的技术转移模式呈现规律性特征,均注重已有合作关系的维护,占据结构洞位置有助于提升城市创新能级。在网络形成机制上,网络具有较强的自组织生长能力和弱聚敛性;城市创新质量、创新数量、经济水平越高的城市之间发生技术转移的概率越高,网络等级性将进一步强化,马太效应明显;技术认同比产业认同更有利于转移关系的建立,地理邻近效应微弱,省级行政壁垒仍然存在。综上,重视高质量技术的研发、拓展技术转移关系有助于提升城市地位,针对性寻找技术邻近型合作伙伴以及政府有效引导均能促进技术转移。

Technology transfer is an important way to reduce R&D cost and create new technology.Basing on the patent transfer data from incoPat patent database from 1985 to 2018,this study explores the network structure and mechanism of technology transfer network in the Yangtze river economic belt through the methods of spatial network analysis,module mining and exponential random graph model analysis.The netwook structure shows that the downstream area of the Yangtze river economic belt takes the lead in the technology transfer network,while the upstream region rises like nail and the middle reaches develop independently.The Yangtze river delta cooperate intensely with a multi-center pattern and is closely connected with the others,meanwhile,Chengdu and Chongqing rise rapidly to catch up with these cities.Module ananalysis finds that top cities pay more attention to the maintenance of existing cooperative relationship,and occupying the structural hole position is crucial for latecomer to catch up.Research on influential mechanism shows that the higher the technology quality,innovation quantity and economic level of cities,the higher is the probability of technology transfer activity to take place,the Matthew effect will strengthen the network hierarchy.Technical identification is more effective than industrial similarity in promoting the establishment of transfer relations.Provincial administrative barriers still exist and geographical proximity effect is weak.Therefore,focusing on the research and development of high quality technology and expanding the relationship of technology transfer helps to improve the status of city in the network,looking for partners with similar knowledge structure or administrative areas are more likely to succeed.