大都市区周边乡村聚落空间格局研究——以武汉市为例

Analysis of Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Metropolitan Areas:A Case Study of Wuhan

大都市周边乡村聚落受中心城市的辐射发生着不同程度的重构与转型,分析特殊区域乡村聚落的空间格局与生产生活方式,有利于引导区域内的乡村发展,并可为特殊地域乡村振兴实践提供有益启示。以武汉市新城区1868个行政村为研究区,从聚落的空间分布、规模结构及形态分异3个方面出发,运用探索性空间数据分析和地统计分析方法,探讨大都市区乡村聚落的空间格局特征。研究表明:在空间分布上,武汉市乡村聚落集聚特征显著,但空间分异明显,具体展现为自近郊向偏远乡村地区呈"倒U型"结构;在规模分布上,武汉市乡村聚落规模普遍偏小,表现为近郊大,外围小的连片分布态势,并在局部上与密度分布存在正相关;在形态分布上,表现出明显的空间分异,主要为条带、团簇、散点等形态。最后,通过实地调查识别乡村聚落的生产生活方式:近郊以发展都市农业和到中心城区兼业为主,多为城乡两栖生活模式,远郊以传统农业和劳务输出为主。

Rural settlements around metropolis are undergoing different degrees of reconstruction and transformation due to the radiation of central cities.Therefore,Analyzing the spatial pattern and production and life style of rural settlements in special region is conducive to guiding the rural development of special region,and can provide beneficial enlightenment for the practice of Rural Revitalization of special region.Taking 1868 administrative villages in Wuhan’s new urban area as the research area,we use exploratory spatial data analysis and geostatistical analysis methods to explore the spatial pattern characteristics of rural settlements in metropolitan areas from the three aspects of settlements’spatial distribution,scale structure and morphological differentiation.The result indicate that:(1)In spatial distribution,the rural settlements in Wuhan are characterized by significant concentration with evident spatial variability,but the spatial differentiation is obvious,which shows an inverted U-shaped structure from the suburbs to remote rural areas.(2)In the scale,the rural settlements in Wuhan is generally small,which is manifested as a contiguous distribution situation of large suburbs and small periphery,and there is a positive correlation with the density distribution locally.(3)In terms of morphological,it shows obvious spatial differentiation,mainly in the form of bands,clumps,clusters and scattered points.(4)Finally,the production and life styles of rural settlements are identified through field investigation:suburban areas mainly develop urban agriculture and part-time business in the central urban areas,most of which are amphibious life patterns in urban and rural areas,while suburban areas mainly develop traditional agriculture and labor export.