基于生态压力视角的长三角地区生态安全格局构建与优化

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern in Yangtze River Delta Based on the Perspective of Ecological Pressure

人类经济活动对生态环境造成的压力,是威胁区域生态安全的重要因素,基于生态压力视角构建生态安全格局对维持区域生态安全具有重要意义。以长三角为研究区,在形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)基础上采用景观连通性指数识别生态源地,基于能值生态足迹模型并结合夜间灯光数据识别生态压力热点区,通过最小累积阻力模型(MCR)提取生态源间廊道和生态压力需求廊道,从而构建生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)研究区生态源地总面积为25581.47 km^(2),占研究区总面积的24.20%,主要分布在太湖流域和浙西浙东等地;生态压力热点区集中在上海、苏州等城市化水平较高的地区;生态源地与生态压力热点区在空间上并无重叠,生态供需存在一定程度的空间失耦。(2)生态廊道网络由生态源间廊道和生态压力需求廊道组成,生态源间廊道总长度为2459.13 km,呈现"两纵一横"的空间格局,适宜修建宽度为1200 m;生态压力需求廊道总长度为1186.71 km,呈现以生态源地为核心的空间组团特征,一般、较高、高压力需求廊道的适宜修建宽度分别为750、550和100~200 m。(3)划分了生态保育区、生态控制区、生态过渡区、生产生活区和廊道修复区,各区占比分别为40.25%、15.40%、11.02%、33.20%、0.13%。研究结果可为长三角地区的生态安全建设提供决策支持。

The pressure on the natural resources and environment by human socio-economic activities,is a crucial factor in threatening regional ecological security.Thus,in order to achieve ecological security,it is important to construct ecological security pattern by considering the constraint of ecological pressure.Taking the Yangtze River Delta of China as the study area,this paper first identified ecological sources based on the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA)and the landscape probable connectance index method.Then the hot spot regions with ecological pressure were identified by the energy ecological footprint model based on the DMSP/OLS night-time light data.Finally,both the corridors of ecological sources and that of demand for ecological pressure were extracted by the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model.The results showed that:(1)the area of ecological sources was 25581.47 km^(2),accounting for 24.20% of the total area of the study case,which were primarily distributed in the Taihu lake basin,and the western and eastern Zhejiang.The hot spot regions with ecological pressure were mainly located in highly urbanization,such as Shanghai and Suzhou.There was no spatial overlap between ecological sources and hot spot regions with ecological pressure,thus there was a spatial decoupling to a certain extent between ecological supply and demand.(2)The ecological corridor network consisted of ecological sources corridor and ecological pressure-demand corridor.The total length of ecological sources corridor was 2459.13 km,presenting a spatial pattern of“two vertical and one horizontal”,and its suitable width was 1200 m.The total length of the ecological pressure-demand corridor was 1186.71 km,presenting a spatial cluster with ecological sources as the core.Meanwhile,the suitable width of the ecological pressure-demand corridor with moderate pressure,high pressure and higher pressure was 750,550 and 100-200 m respectively.(3)The ecological conservation zone,ecological control zone,ecological transition zone,production and living zone,and corridor restoration zone were identified,and their area respectively took up 40.25%,15.40%,11.02%,33.20% and 0.13%.In summary,this study can provide decision support to achieve ecological security and sustainable development in the Yangtze River Delta.