我国“双一流”高校研究生基层就业现状、趋势及改善路径研究——基于对Z大学2009-2019年研究生基层就业数据的分析

A Study about the Development Trend of Postgraduates’ Grass-roots Employment and Factors of It——Based on the Employment Data of Z University’s Graduate Students from 2009 to 2019

新世纪以来,随着我国高等教育体制改革不断深入,高校招生规模不断扩大,高校毕业生就业形势日趋严峻。本研究基于Z大学2009-2019年毕业生基层就业数据,分析"双一流"研究生赴基层就业的现状及发展趋势。在对相关影响因素统计分析后发现:Z大学研究生基层就业规模整体呈上升趋势,并在学科专业、学历层次、就业区域等方面存在显著差异。此外,研究发现"双一流"高校研究生基层就业在国家政策、社会机制、学校组织、学生选择等方面存在较为复杂的互动关系。本研究结合当前高校研究生就业市场宏观背景,着重从外部社会需求状况和内部毕业生供给状况两个方面切入,综合分析当前"双一流"高校研究生基层就业存在的瓶颈问题,提出从社会整体层面打造良好的基层就业制度体系、从学校层面分类组织引导学生基层就业行动、从学生层面分层关注不同学历和专业学生个体基层就业需求三个维度的综合改善路径,着力探索如何从根本上提升我国"双一流"高校研究生基层就业意愿及就业质量。

In recent years,with the deepening of the reform of China’s higher education system and the expansion of college enrollment,the employment situation of college graduates has become increasingly grim.This study analyzed the development trend and current situation of postgraduates’ grass-roots employment based on the employment data of Z University’s graduate students.It can be found that there is an upward trend after a inflection point in the number of Z University’s postgraduates who choose grass-roots jobs.The ratio of master and PHD students of them is unbalanced.Moreover,the majors and employment area of them also show a significant difference.This study analyzed the influence of university education and social environment on postgraduates who choose grass-roots jobs and make three suggestions from a macro perspective.Firstly,positive employment atmosphere of the society need to be created.Secondly,guiding students to establish a positive view of grassroots employment by categories from the school level.Thirdly,paying attention to the employment needs of the grassroots employment of different students.This study may make contribution on how to fundamentally improve the employment willingness and quality of graduate students of the grassroots employment of first-class universities in China.