省级政府大数据发展应用政策的规制导向与执行优化研究——基于政策文本的分析

Research on the Regulatory Guidance and Implementation Optimization of Big Data Development and Application Policies of Provincial Governments:Based on the Analysis of Policy Texts

省级政府大数据发展应用政策是大数据政策体系中极具实践指向和促进功能的专项政策,发挥着“上承中央—下启基层”的衔接互动作用,对其进行规制导向分析可充分呈现其内部执行要素的分布情况,亦可为其实施评估及纠偏矫正提供更加细致可靠的理论依据。通过构建政策执行综合模型,运用政策文本分析方法,本文从“政策问题的可处理性”“政策协调能力”和“政策衔接能力”三个层面,对搜集筛选的22件位阶高、效力强的省级政府大数据发展应用政策中的15类执行要素的规制导向进行编码分析。研究发现:当前省级政府大数据发展应用政策在其执行载体、标的、过程和环境四个方面的要素规制较成体系,但也存在政策法律化进阶过快而后劲不够、政策问题界定不清和调整不力、政策内部执行要素协调不良和配置不周,以及同外部执行环境衔接不好、对外部执行需求回应不足等一系列问题。对此,本文针对性地提出“密织政策执行网络体系”“回归政策执行价值归属”“规范政策执行程序设计”和“植根政策执行需求变动”四个方面的对策建议,以完善其规制要素、助推其有效执行。

The provincial government big data development and application policy is a special policy with practical orientation and promotion function in the big data policy system.It plays the role of linking and interacting“from the central government to the grassroots”,and the regulatory guidance analysis can fully show the distribution of its internal execution elements,and can also provide a more detailed and reliable theoretical basis for its implementation of evaluation and correction.[Method/Process]By constructing a comprehensive model of policy implementation and using policy text analysis methods,this article has collected and screened 22 high-ranking and effective provincial government big data development and application policies,and analyzes the regulatory orientation of the 15 types of implementation elements of these policies from the three dimensions of“manageability of policy issues”,“policy coordination capabilities”and“policy cohesion capabilities”.[Result/Conclusion]The study found that:At present,the provincial government big data development and application policy has a relatively systematic element regulation in the four aspects of its implementation carrier,target,process and environment,but there are also many shortcomings,such as the rapid advancement of legalization and insufficient stamina,problems are unclearly defined and poorly adjusted,poorly coordinated and poorly allocated internal execution elements,poorly connected with the external execution environment,and insufficient response to external execution needs.In this regard,this article puts forward four countermeasures and suggestions in the four aspects of“tightly weaving policy implementation network system”,“returning to the value of policy implementation”,“regulating policy implementation program design”and“rooted policy implementation demand changes”to improve its regulation elements and promote its effective implementation.