日本防治耕地撂荒的现实困境与政策布局

The Realistic Predicament and Policy Design of Japan’s Farmland Abandonment Prevention and Control

日本的耕地撂荒现象是诸多社会经济因素和自然因素共同作用下的结果,在不同农业地区各类因素的影响程度也存在着差异。基于维护粮食安全和推动乡村振兴的现实需要,日本主要从三个方面开展撂荒防治工作:一是通过农业直接补贴政策和农地中间管理事业,解决"谁来种地"的问题;二是通过土地改良事业和鸟兽害防治工作,解决"地可否种"的问题;三是通过农业高附加值化策略和农福联合政策,解决"地怎样种"的问题。

Farmland abandonment in Japan is dependent on the combined effect of various socio-economic factors and natural factors,but different agricultural districts are affected to varying degrees by the same factor.Based on the need of ensuring food security and promoting rural revitalization,Japanese government carries out its prevention and control measures from three aspects.Firstly,the government tries to solve the problem of who will cultivate the farmland through direct agricultural subsidy policy and farmland intermediate management career.Secondly,the government tries to solve the problem of whether the farmland can be cultivated through farmland reclamation career and wild animals damage prevention.Thirdly,the government tries to solve the problem of how to cultivate the farmland through high value-added agriculture strategy and agriculture-welfare collaboration policy.