移民汇款对人力资本的影响研究——基于制度环境调节效应的实证考察

The Impact of Migrant Remittances on Human Capital:Based on an Empirical Investigation of the Moderating Effect of the Institutional Environment

基于1981—2018年114个发展中国家的年度非平衡面板数据,运用固定效应模型、工具变量两阶段最小二乘法(IV-2SLS)和广义矩估计法(GMM),实证检验了移民汇款对人力资本的影响。结果表明,移民汇款对人力资本积累具有显著的促进效应,制度环境对移民汇款与人力资本的关系具有正向调节效应。进一步对中低收入国家和中高收入国家进行异质性检验发现,移民汇款对中低收入国家人力资本积累的贡献更大;就制度环境在国际移民汇款对人力资本影响中的调节效应而言,中高收入国家更显著。

The institutional environment plays an important role in regulating the relationship between migrant remittances and human capital.The paper empirically tested the regulatory effect of the institutional environment on the relationship between migrant remittances and human capital.The results found that international migrant remittances have a significant positive effect on the accumulation of human capital,and the institutional environment has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between migrant remittances and human capital.A further test of the heterogeneity of low-and middle-income countries and high-and middle-income countries found that international migrant remittances have a greater contribution to the accumulation of human capital in low-and middle-income countries;however,the moderating effect of the institutional environment in the impact of international migrant remittances on human capita is more significant in high-income countries.