鄂西土家族堂屋营建符号体系及其阐释

The Symbolic System and Its Interpretation of Construction of the Ethnic Tu’s Main House in Western Hubei

在土家族民居中,人神共居、地天相接的传统观念深刻地影响了其营建的意义诉求。基于掌墨师主体视角,以堂屋营建体系中的"中墨"交叠、交错等现象为例,从形制隐喻、匠语编码、建造礼式等3种符号层面进行分析得出:堂屋神圣化的重建过程表现为不同层面营建符号互动、互转并整合为新。营建技艺及其阐释体系存在结构化的互文性,二者相互依存,不断指涉,暗含着一整套逻辑严密、意义完整的深层建构逻辑。

In ethnic Tu’s folk houses, the traditional concepts of living with God and connecting earth with heaven have deeply affected the meaning of construction. Based on the subjective perspective of the master ink carpenter, this paper studies the overlaying and interlacing phenomenon of "middle axis ink mark" in the construction system of the main house,with analyses at three symbolic levels: structural metaphor,craftsmen coding and construction ritual, concluding with the reconstruction process of the sanctification of the main house as manifested in the interaction, transformation and integration into new construction symbols at different levels. Structured intertextuality exists in the construction technology and its interpretation system, both interdependent and constantly referring to each other with implications of a complete set of rigorous logic and comprehensive meaning in constructing deep logic.