北京丰台靛厂村明代宦官墓发掘简报

Excavation Report of Ming Eunuch’s Tomb in Dianchang Village, Fengtai District, Beijing

2011年11月,北京市丰台区靛厂村回迁安置房建设过程中发现一座古代墓葬,北京市文物研究所立即赶赴现场开展抢救性考古发掘工作。该墓编号为2011FDM1,墓葬为石室墓,坐北朝南,墓门以南结构均被破坏。残存部分长4.3米,宽3.37米。墓室内部较为特殊,墓室四角各立一断面呈方形石柱,柱头辟长方形卯,卯内穿木额枋。墓葬未经盗扰,出土寿藏铭、琉璃五供、铜钱等随葬品。根据寿藏铭,墓主人为明代内官监宦官。寿藏铭采用朱砂书写,文字多已脱落,无法用于断代。墓内出土铜钱虽多,但并无明代钱币,不能作为断代的依据。通过将出土琉璃五供与以往出土同类器物对比,推测墓葬的年代为明代晚期。该墓墓主人身份特殊,对研究明代墓葬考古具有较重要的价值。

In November 2011, an ancient tomb was discovered during the construction of relocation buildings in Dianchang Village, Fengtai District, Beijing. Then Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics carried out the archaeological excavation immediately. The tomb 2011 FDM1 was facing south and built with a stone chamber. The southern part of the tomb doors was damaged in the construction project. The remaining portion is about 4.3 meters long and 3.37 meters wide. The interior structure of the tomb is special with four stone columns of a square cross section in each corner and there is a rectangular mortise with wood architrave in each capital. The tomb is relatively well preserved without being stolen or destroyed and the epitaph, five coloured glaze offering vessels, copper coins and so on were excavated. According to the epitaph written in cinnabar, the tomb occupant was a eunuch in the Ming dynasty, while the epigraph cannot be used for dating because many characters were illegible or missing. The tomb also cannot be dated according to the many bronze coins unearthed from it for they were nor produced in the Ming dynasty. By comparing the unearthed five coloured glaze offering vessels with other similar artifacts, the tomb can be dated to the late Ming dynasty. The special identity of the occupant is of great value to the study of Ming burial system.