新见十六国时期“宁西将军云中王”葬母石铭初释

The Interpretation of the Inscription Commemorating the Mother of “Ningxi General named Yunzhong King” during the Sixteen States Period

2014年,在内蒙古自治区包头市达尔罕茂明安联合旗百灵庙镇新发现一方十六国时期的石铭,经考证为389年贺兰部首领贺讷与染干为其母亲辽西公主的葬事而立,是目前所见贺兰部唯一存世遗物,具有重要的历史价值和文物价值。贺兰部是十六国时期北方民族中的重要一支,与拓拔部关系密切,其部族首领甚至可以影响拓跋鲜卑部落联盟的政治。通过该石铭,确认史学界一直存疑的贺兰部世居领地在百灵庙。该石铭可能与百灵庙沙凹地墓地有关,证明该墓地为贺兰部墓葬,而非学界普遍认为的东汉晚期至檀石槐迄轲比能鲜卑大联盟时期的鲜卑墓葬。石铭所反映出的贺兰部的多元文化,是十六国时期民族大融合的实物见证。

In 2014, a stone tablet of the Sixteen States period was discovered in Bailingmiao town,Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which was made in 389 by Henan and Dyangan, leaders of the Helan tribe, for the funeral of their mother Liaoxi princess.As the only extant relic of the Helan tribe, the tablet is of great historical and cultural significance.The Helan tribe was an important branch of the northern ethnic groups in the Sixteen States period.It was closely related to the Tuoba tribe, and its leaders could even influence the alliance politics of the Tuoba-Xianbei tribe. Through the inscriptions on the stone tablet, it can be confirmed that the Helan tribe once lived in the Bailingmiao area for generations. In addition, this stone tablet might be related to the cemetery in Bailingmiao area, proving that the cemetery was built not by Xianbei tribe from the late East Han dynasty to the Danshi Huai and Ke Bineng Xianbei Grand Alliance period as generally believed by scholars but by the Helan tribe. The inscription on the epigraph reflect the diverse culture of the Helan tribe and the great ethnic integration during the Sixteen States period.