南京国民政府初期县域社会中的人际网络、权力关系与县政运作——以《朱峙三日记》为中心

Social Network, Power Relation and County Government Operation in the Early Stage of Nanjing National Government:A Case Study of Zhu Zhisan’s Diary

长期以来,学界将朱峙三定位为"乡村士子",着重关注其在清末民初的活动。卷帙浩繁的《朱峙三日记》记述了他丰富的人生经历,为考察中国近现代历史的多面性提供了契机。朱峙三于1928年9月至1929年5月出任湖北省蒲圻县县长,他为谋得这个职务颇费周折。到任后,原本力图有所作为的朱峙三陷入了用人难、办事难、关系难的困境中,事业无法推进,与蒲圻当地士绅关系恶劣,不足一年即辞职。此时正值南京国民政府成立初期,虽然有关改善县制、改良县政的法律规章相继被颁行,但并未触动基层政治的权力格局,难以动摇地方社会秩序。朱峙三艰难的县长经历揭示了县域社会中人际网络和权力关系对县政运作产生的深刻影响,呈现了基层政权的真实样貌和复杂形态,反映出代表国家意志的公共规则与地方性规范之间的强烈张力,在"新"与"旧"、"现代"与"传统"的博弈中,后者仍发挥着重要的制约作用。

Zhu Zhisan have been defined as a "rural intellectual" in the academic circle for a long time, and his activities in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China became the focus of research. In fact, Zhu Zhisan’s life experience is very rich. He left a diary over a span of nearly 70 years, which provides an opportunity for the in-depth study of some important aspects of modern Chinese history. From September in 1928 to May in 1929, Zhu Zhisan took up the post of the county magistrate in Puqi, Hubei province after taking great pains. Zhu wanted to make a difference when he assumed office, but soon found ound himself in a predicament of choosing personnel, haddling affairs and dealing with relationship. He could not advance his career and had a bad relation with local gentry, so he resigned within a year. At that time, in the initial period of founding the Nanjing National Government, the laws and regulations on improving county system were successively issued, while the power pattern of grassroots politics and the local social order could hardly be shaked. Zhu Zhisan’s tough experience as a county magistrate revealed the deep influence of the social network and power relations on the operation of county government, the real appearance and complex condition of the county government. In the intensive struggle between the public rules on behalf of the state will and the local norms and the battling between the "new" and the "old" or the "modern" and the "traditional", the latter still played an important restraining role.