氮肥优化对高山避雨栽培番茄产量和养分利用率的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Optimization on Rain-shelter and High Mountain Cultivation Tomato Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency

以避雨栽培番茄为试材,采用2年田间试验,研究了不同施氮量、氮磷钾优化配施和有机肥氮替代化肥氮对高山避雨栽培番茄产量和氮素利用率的影响,以期为高山避雨番茄化肥减施提供参考依据。结果表明:405 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量能够获得较高的番茄果实产量、植株氮素累积量和氮素利用率。与习惯施肥相比,氮磷钾优化配施和有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮均能获得略高的番茄产量(0.73%~2.92%),氮肥、磷肥用量分别减少了11.11%和20.00%、51.85%和51.85%,而氮素农学效率、氮素偏生产力分别增加了25.44%和28.60%、15.79%和25.91%。综上所述,在水肥协同条件下,鄂西高山避雨栽培番茄最适施氮量为405 kg·hm^(-2),且氮磷钾优化配施和有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮能够获得与习惯施肥相当产量和更高的氮素利用率。

Taking the rain-shelter cultivated tomato as test material,the two years field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates,optimized combination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with drip irrigation on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of tomato,in order to determine the suitable application method of nitrogen fertilizer in tomato cultivation,and provide a reference for scientific fertilization in the rain-shelter and high mountain.The results showed that the higher tomato fruit yield,plant nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was obtained by nitrogen application rate of 405 kg·hm^(-2).Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield of tomato was slightly higher(0.73%-2.92%)under the optimal combination of N,P,K and organic fertilizer N instead of 20%of chemical fertilizer treatments.The application amount decreased by 11.11%and 20.00%of N fertilizer,51.85%and 51.85%of P fertilizer,respectively.When applied with optimal combination of N,P,K and organic fertilizer N instead chemical fertilizer,the agronomic use efficiency increased by 25.44%and 28.60%,and 15.79%and 25.91%of partial productivity,respectively.With water and fertilizer suppled,the optimal nitrogen application rate of high mountain tomato in the rain-shelter cultivation in Western Hubei was 405 kg·hm^(-2),and the optimal combination and organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of 20%of chemical fertilizer can obtain the similar yield and higher nitrogen use efficiency of conventional fertilization.