数字经济劳动方式的变化特征及其作用因素分析

Changes in Labor Modes in the Digital Economy and the Influencing Factors

数字经济是一种新的经济形态,它与以往的经济形态的明显区别就在于其劳动方式不再单纯地以物质实体条件为载体,而是出现了以数字生产条件为载体的新变化,这种新的数字劳动方式主要有三类:一是单纯的数字劳动方式,二是实体与数字融合的劳动方式,三是智能劳动方式。其基本特征表现为:虚拟性、融合性、跨时空性、开源共享性、智能性等。数字劳动方式主要源于其生产要素即劳动和生产资料的数字化,即程序和互联网作为虚拟机器和虚拟厂房成为主要劳动资料;数据作为关键生产要素成为主要劳动对象;数字劳动作为复杂劳动成为主要劳动形式。为此,数字劳动与数字生产资料的结合方式也发生了极大的变化,形成新型的劳动与资本关系,即载体数字化、主体虚拟化、矛盾冲突社会化和跨时空化。

The digital economy is a new economic form,which significantly differs from traditional economic forms in that its labor modes are no longer based on physical conditions but build on the conditions of digital production.There are three main types of labor modes in the digital economy:one is the pure digital labor,the other is the integrated physical and digital labor,and the third is the intelligent labor.The basic characteristics include virtuality,fusion of technologies,cross-time and cross-border flows,open-source sharing,intelligence and so forth.The digital labor modes mainly stem from the digitization of the production factors,namely labor and production materials.That is,programs and the Internet,as virtual machines and workshops,become means of labor,while the data,as the key production factor,become the object of labor and the digital labor is the main form of labor.To this end,the combination of the digital labor and means of production has also undergone great changes,forming a new relationship between labor and capital.It features the digitization of carriers,the virtualization of subjects,and the socialization of conflicts cross time and space.