基于多级模糊综合评价法的珍贵历史文书残片修复方法比较--以西域文书为例

Comparison of Restoration Methods of Precious Historical Documents Based on Multi-level Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation:Taking Documents in the Western Regions as an Example

西域文书是非常珍贵的历史档案,文书残片修复是整理、保存及利用的前提和保证。修复方法的评价和选用是文书残片修复的核心和关键。国内外对于特别珍贵历史档案修复持非常谨慎的态度,也缺乏相应的理论研究。国家图书馆、旅顺博物馆、新疆博物馆、中国人民大学博物馆馆藏相同性质的文书,分别先后采用不同方法开展西域文书残片修复。针对上述4个馆藏单位不同的残片修复方法在技术方法、材料选择、修复效果与功能等方面展开比较;结合多级模糊综合评价方法对4种修复方法进行定量化研究。研究表明:“修补+开窗镶”兼顾修复、保存、利用等功能,从可实施性和修复后效果两个综合指标得出“修补+开窗镶”的方法最佳,“镶接技术”“册页装订”和“纸浆修补”次之。

As historical archives, documents in the Western Regions, have great value in culture, history, and relics.The restoration of document fragments is the premise and guarantee of management, preservation, and utilization.The evaluation and selection of restoration methods is of vital importance to the restoration of document fragments.At home and abroad, the restoration of precious historical archives is very cautious, and there is a lack of relevant research.The National Library of China, Lushun Museum, Xinjiang Museum and Museum of the Renmin University of China have collected documents of the same nature, and have successively adopted different methods to repair the fragments of documents in the Western Region.In this paper, the different restoration methods of the above four acquisition units are compared in terms of technical methods, material selection, effects, and functions;Combined with multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, four restoration methods are studied quantitatively.The research results show that the restoration method of Museum of the Renmin University of China is the best from two indexes of technological feasibility and effect after restoration, and the functions of restoration, preservation and utilization are fully considered.The restoration methods of the National Library, Lushun Museum, and Xinjiang Museum are second.