从生理反应到话语组织:叹词“哎哟”的功能演变

From physiological response to discourse organization:The functional evolution of interjection aiyo

叹词“哎哟”的各种表达功能中,最原始的层次是表达对外界意外物理刺激导致疼痛的本能喊叫,这种喊叫属于无意识的生理性行为反射。当外界刺激变为心理刺激时,“哎哟”就转而表达一种对意外事件的“惊讶”感受,以及各种与“惊讶”有关的情感态度。在此基础上,“哎哟”如果出现于语篇或会话中,能起到衔接话语、引导听者理解话语的作用,从而成为具有开启、延续、转接话轮及话语修正等语篇功能和表明态度、表达评价等人际功能的话语标记。“哎哟”处于原生叹词、生理理据叹词和表情叹词的交集之中,对其研究,有助于深化对叹词的不同分类体系之间关系等问题的思考。

Among the various expressive functions of the interjection word aiyo(哎哟),the prototypical one is to express the instinctive cry of pain caused by an external,unexpected physical stimulus.This cry belongs to the unconscious physiological behavioral response.When the external stimuli become psychological stimuli,aiyo turns to express a feeling of surprise about accidents and various emotional attitudes related to surprise.Therefore,if aiyo is used in a discourse or conversation,it can play a role in making a discourse cohesive and guiding the listener to understand the discourse.It thus becomes a discourse marker with discourse functions such as‘turn-opening’,‘continuous turn’,‘turn-transforming’and‘discourse correction’,and interpersonal functions such as‘attitude expression’and‘evaluation’.Aiyo is in the intersection of primary interjection,physiological motivation interjection and expression interjection.The research on aiyo will help to deepen the thinking of the relationship between different classification systems of interjections.