基于三代测序技术的藏猪与DLY猪回肠菌群结构对比研究

Comparative analysis of the ileum microbial community structures between Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs based on the third generation sequencing technology

旨在探究藏猪与瘦肉型猪(杜×长×大,DLY猪)回肠菌群结构差异,为藏猪功能性菌株的挖掘奠定基础。试验选取月龄相近的藏猪和DLY猪各5头,饲喂期间,藏猪和DLY猪均饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮。采用第三代高通量测序技术测定藏猪和DLY猪回肠的微生物多样性及菌群结构。结果表明:从藏猪回肠中共获得259个OTUs,而在DLY猪回肠中共获得317个OTUs,2种猪所获OTUs数量不同,6种Alpha多样性指数在藏猪和DLY猪中均没有显著差异,但PCA分析得到藏猪和DLY猪回肠菌群结构存在差异。变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为藏猪和DLY猪回肠的主要菌门,3种菌门在藏猪回肠中的相对丰度依次为85.29%、8.26%和5.31%,而在DLY猪中3种菌门的相对丰度依次为79.18%、13.87%和3.25%,3种菌门在两种猪回肠中没有显著差异。藏猪回肠中埃希菌属、格拉菌属、梭菌属、梭杆菌属和放线杆菌属显著低于DLY猪。此外,本研究还鉴定到了59个菌种,其中8个菌种在藏猪和DLY猪中存在显著差异,依次为大肠埃希菌、副猪格拉菌、豚放线杆菌、猪链球菌、苏黎世杆菌、胚胎弯曲杆菌、幽门螺杆菌和牛月形单胞菌。由此说明,猪种不同,其回肠中优势菌群的相对丰度和特定菌群种类不同,这可能与猪种不同,其肠道生理功能存在一定差异有关。

This experiment was to study the difference in ileum microbial community structures between Tibetan pigs and lean type pigs(DLY pigs),in order to lay a foundation for excavating the functional strains in Tibetan pigs.Five Tibetan pigs and five DLY pigs with the same age were selected.During feeding,both Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs were fed with corn-soybean meal diet.The full length of the 16 S rDNA genes in their ileum were sequenced by the third-generation high-throughput sequencing technology.The results were as follows:We obtained 259 OTUs from the Tibetan pigs,and 317 OTUs from the DLY pigs.The quantities of OTUs in Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs were different,but the six Alpha indexes were not significant different between the two breeds of pigs.The PCA analysis showed that there were different of microbial community structures between the Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs.Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Bacteroides were the dominant bacterials,and their relative abundances were 85.29%,8.26%,5.31%,respectively,in the Tibetan pigs,and 79.18%,13.87%,3.25%,respectively,in DLY pigs.However,there were no significant differences in these phyla between the Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs.The relative abundances of Escherichia,Glaesserella,Clostridium,Fusobacterium and Actinobacillus in the Tibetan pigs were significant lower than those in the DLY pigs.In addition,this study also identified 59 bacteria species,and the relative abundances of 8 species were significantly different between the Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs.The bacteria were in the order of Escherichia coli,Glaesserella parasuis,Campylobacter hyointestinalis,Helicobacter pullorum,Actinobacillus porcinus,Streptococcus suis,Selenomonas bovis and Turicibacter sp.The present results indicated that the relative abundances of dominant bacteria and specific bacteria in the ileum were varied among different pig breeds,which might be related to the difference in the intestinal physiological function of the pigs.