高压电缆半导电屏蔽料关键问题及研究进展

Key Problems and Research Progress of Semi-conductive Shielding Materials for High Voltage Cables

半导电屏蔽层作为高压电缆的重要组成部分,在电缆结构中起到均匀电场的作用。目前,我国高压电缆制造技术快速发展,然而高电压等级电缆料严重依赖进口,存在较多的技术壁垒。该文从高压电缆屏蔽料发展历程及关键问题、屏蔽料组成及关键性能参数、屏蔽料性能提升及改性3个方面综述了高压电缆屏蔽料的研究进展。首先,梳理高压电缆半导电屏蔽料发展历程,提炼当前屏蔽料面临的主要技术瓶颈和关键问题;其次,探讨屏蔽料导电和导热机理,从基体树脂、导电填充物和添加剂3个方面分析屏蔽料组成及性能,分析不同电压等级屏蔽料关键性能参数与技术要求;最后,探讨半导电屏蔽层配方,半导电屏蔽层–绝缘层界面特性和半导电屏蔽层性能对绝缘层电荷积聚特性的影响,并提出通过半导电屏蔽层改性抑制高压直流电缆绝缘层电荷积聚的方法。该文所做工作可为我国高压电缆半导电屏蔽料的研发、高压电缆性能评估提供理论参考。

As an important part of high voltage cable,semi-conductive shielding layer plays a role of uniforming electric field in cable. At present, high voltage cable manufacturing technology is developing rapidly, but high voltage grade cable materials are heavily dependent on imports,there exists many technical barriers. In this paper, the research progress of high voltage cable shielding materials was reviewed from three aspects: development history and key problems, composition and key performance parameters,performance improvement and modification of shielding materials. Firstly, the development history of semi-conductive shielding materials was sorted out, and the main technical bottlenecks and key problems were extracted. Secondly, the conductive and thermal conductivity mechanism of shielding material was discussed, the composition and performance of shielding material were analyzed from three aspects of matrix resin, conductive filler and additive, and the key performance parameters and technical requirements of shielding material with different voltage levels were analyzed. Finally, the formula of semi-conductive shielding layer, the interface characteristics and the influence of the performance of semi-conductive shielding layer on the charge accumulation characteristics of insulation layer were discussed. The new methods to suppress the charge accumulation of HVDC cable insulation layer by modifying semi-conductive layer were proposed. This work can provide theoretical reference for the research and development of semi-conductive shielding materials and performance evaluation of high-voltage cables.