微电网惯量与阻尼模拟技术综述及展望

Review and Prospect of Inertia and Damping Simulation Technologies of Microgrids

微电网因含有高比例可再生能源、高比例电力电子设备及灵活可控等特点而受到广泛关注。然而,微电网通过电力电子变换器进行能量转换,不具备传统电网中同步发电机所提供的惯量支撑,使其呈现出“低惯量”、“弱阻尼”特点。因此,微电网系统因惯量与阻尼缺失而引发的稳定性问题尤为突出。该文首先阐述微电网中惯量与阻尼缺失所带来的问题及其与频率稳定性交互机理。然后,梳理虚拟同步发电机、虚拟惯量自适应控制、广义下垂控制等各种基于惯量与阻尼模拟的控制技术。分别整理交流微网频率稳定性问题、振荡抑制策略及直流微网电压稳定性问题的研究现状。最后,从微电网不同运行场景、不同负荷类型及失稳机理等方面对未来研究发展方向进行展望。

Microgrids have attracted widely attention due to its high proportion of renewable energy sources, high proportion of power electronic equipment and its flexible and controllable characteristics. However, microgrids are characterized by low inertia and weak damping because they convert energy through power electronic converters and do not have the inertia support provided by synchronous generators in traditional power grids. Therefore, the stability problem caused by the lack of inertia and damping of microgrid system is particularly prominent. Firstly, the problems caused by the lack of inertia and damping in microgrids and the interaction mechanism with frequency stability were described. Then,various control technologies based on inertia and damping simulation were summarized, such as virtual synchronous generator, virtual inertia adaptive control, generalized droop control and so on. And the research status of frequency stability and oscillation suppression strategy of AC microgrids and voltage stability of DC microgrids were summarized respectively. Finally, the future research and development direction was prospected from different operating scenarios,different load types and instability mechanism of microgrids.