先秦贤能政治观的形成与嬗变

The Formation and Evolution of the Pre-Qin Political View of Political Meritocracy

先秦时期是贤能政治观由萌生到成熟的重要时期。早期"贤"与今天所理解的道德有很大区别,而道德意涵本身也有一个由最初的"合道德性"发展为"道德"的过程。先秦贤能政治观几经改易,分别经历了以"坚"为"贤"、以"财"为"贤"、以"德"为"贤"三个不同阶段,反映了上古时期尚"力"的氏族社会、殷周前期尚"财"的宗法社会、春秋战国尚"德"的士民社会的价值标准和政治思潮。先秦贤能政治观深刻影响了中国政治的发展,其对政治领袖德才兼备、德先于才的考量至今仍有现实意义。

The pre-Qin period is an important period for the formation and maturity of the idea of political meritocracy.The early concept"Xian(贤)"is very different from today’s understanding of morality.However,the moral connotation itself is accompanied by development from the initial ethically to"moral"process.The preQin view of political meritocracy gone through three different stages from valuing"strength"to"wealth"and then"virtue".It respectively reflects the value standards and political trends of the ancient clan society,the patriarchal society of Yin and Western Zhou,and the scholarly debates of the Spring-Autumn Warring Period.The pre-Qin political view of political meritocracy has profoundly affected the subsequent development of Chinese politics,and its consideration that political leaders should have a high moral level is still of practical significance.